OUR SENSES: A DANGEROUS GIFT :: essays research papers

The issue of our mistrust and or trust in our humanly senses remains a building block for philosophies of many notorious philosophers. In the discussions The Allegory of the Cave written by Plato and Meditation The Path to Enlightenment by Siddhartha Gautama, The Buddha, both analyse the issue of our senses. Both philosophies are reasonably logical and realistic in their approach to the humanly senses and whether or not they should be trusted or mistrusted, however, they appear to contradict each other somewhat. In both discussions, our senses are essential to reach our so called goals in life In Platos discussion, our goal is to get hold Truth and in Buddhas discussion, to reach enlightenment. Platos philosophy holds senses to be of an untrusting or false guide to pragmatism. He argues that if everyone relied on their senses to interpret reality and find the Truth, everyone has different perceptions of their senses and the reality would be different depending upon the individua l. Basically Plato suggests that our senses can be a distraction from the Truth, and therefore, should not be trusted. Buddhas reasoning of the senses is approximately different from those of Plato. Buddha chooses to not focus on the falsity of our humanly senses, but the element of imagination and how that can alter our perceptions. If we see something as it really is, without desegregation our imagination, we are given a freedom to come to a true understanding of the world. Therefore, Buddha suggests that the senses can be trusted, however the imagination is untamed and when mixed with our senses, creates a distorted perception. The main discrepancy between the two philosophers is that Plato believes that senses themselves should be mistrusted, and Buddha believes that only our senses combined with our imaginations are to be mistrusted.

Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays research papers

December 7, 1941 was a daylight that will live in infamy, a day when 2,400 men needlessly lost their lives while serving America. Millions of dollars of American military equipment was destroyed. It was a day of horror, disbelief, discontent, and shame. The people of the United States never imagined anything like this could happen to them. They were a neutral country, only providing supplies for the Allies. This activity made the Axis powers mad. At the time of the start of World War II the United States was a leading being country, not only did it have one of, if not the most, feared militaries on earth, its technology was also rapidly growing. Japan reacted by planning and seeing through a massive attack on America in an effort to disable the American military and try to permanently keep them out of the war. Pearl oasis is a day that will never be forgotten. Japan started the planning of this attack a year earlier in 1940. The Japanese used pictures taken by spies to locate ex actly where all of the ships were located and when the base was at its rest. Japan was having many problems with its economy at the start of the Second World War. On the other hand, the United States was the leading economic country in the world. This made the Japanese jealous and frustrated. The Japanese believed that they were being pushed into a corner by Roosevelt and matt-up that they must act to protect the Empire. They believed if they took out Pearl Harbor the United States would not be able to co...

Capital Punishment Must be Abolished :: The Case Against the Death Penalty

Crimes against children are the most heinous crime. That, for me, would be a reason for capital penalizement... -- Clint EastwoodI could not become an American citizen. I would not like to become a citizen of a country that has capital punishment. -- Werner HerzogIn most of the industrialized world, capital punishment is not used to punish criminals. However, it is still used in the United States. The capital punishment debate in the United States has raged for almost four hundred years. Supporters of capital punishment oftentimes cite its roles as deterrent and retribution as reasons for their support of the goal penalty. Opponents of capital punishment cite its arbitrariness and finality as reasons for their opposition against the death penalty. Because capital punishment can lead to an unequal application of justice, sometimes to the point of executing innocent persons, no amount of argument from its supporters should prevent it from cosmos abolished. The Arguments of Those W ho Favor Capital Punishment Supporters of capital punishment begin by arguing that capital punishment deters murder. This view has been held for thousands of years. In his book The Penalty of Death, Thorsten Sellin notes what the historied 18th century English law commentator William Blackstone wrote in his Commentaries on the Laws of England As to the end or final cause of punishment, this is not by air of atonement...but as a prevention against future offenses of the same kind. This is effected three ways, either by the amendment of the offender...or by deterring others...or lastly by depriving the party injuring of the power to do future mischief. (Sellin 77) This sentiment was expressed by Socrates (in Gorgias) and by his antagonist Demosthenes some 2,000 years before Blackstone (Sellin 3-5). But what evidence is there to support the idea that the death penalty deters potential murderers better than any other form of punishment? Until Professor Isaac Ehrlich released his stu dy on this subject, only anecdotal evidence existed, and that had been provided by peck in the law enforcement, judicial, and corrections fields. By 1953, the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment in England noted ...capital punishment has obviously failed as a deterrent when a murder is committed. We can number its failures. But we cannot number its successes. No one can ever know how many people behave refrained from murder because of the fear of being hanged.

Immanuel Kant :: essays research papers

Immanuel Kant was born in the East Prussian city of Knigsberg, studied at its university, and worked there as a handler and professor for more than forty years, never travelling more than fifty miles from home. Although his outward life was one of legendary calm and regularity, Kants intellectual work considerably justified his own claim to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy. Beginning with his Inaugural Dissertation (1770) on the difference amidst right- and left-handed spatial orientations, Kant patiently worked out the most comprehensive and influential philosophical programme of the modern era. His central thesisthat the possibility of human familiarity presupposes the active participation of the human mindis deceptively simple, but the details of its application are notoriously complex. The monumental Kritik der reinen Vernunft (Critique of Pure Reason) (1781, 1787) fully spells out the conditions for mathematical, scientific, and metaphysical knowledge in its "Transcendental Aesthetic," "Transcendental Analytic," and "Transcendental Dialectic," but Kant found it helpful to offer a less technical exposition of the same themes in the Prolegomena zu einer jeden knftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten knnen (Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysic) (1783). Carefully distinguishing judgments as analytic or synthetic and as a priori or a posteriori, Kant held that the most interesting and useful varieties of human knowledge rely upon synthetic a priori judgments, which are, in turn, possible only when the mind determines the conditions of its own experience. Thus, it is we who impose the forms of place and time upon all possible sensation in mathematics, and it is we who render all experience coherent as scientific knowledge governed by traditional notions of mall and causality by applying the pure concepts of the understanding to all possible experience. But regulative principles of this sort hold on ly for the world as we know it, and since metaphysical propositions seek a truth beyond all experience, they cannot be established within the bounds of reason. Significant applications of these principles are verbalized in Metaphysische Anfangsgrnde der Naturwissenschaft (Metaphysical Foundations of the Science of Nature) (1786) and Beantwortung der Frage Ist es eine Erfahrung, da wir denken? (On Comprehension and Transcendental Consciousness) (1788-1791). Kants moral philosophy is developed in the Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten (Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals) (1785). From his analysis of the operation of the human will, Kant derived the necessity of a perfectly universalizable moral law, expressed in a categorical imperative that must be regarded as binding upon every agent.

White Shark :: essays research papers

This book is about a homo shark that was created during World War two. The universe shark was an taste by the Russians for war. The Russians were transporting it in a u-boat the u-boat was shot and sank by enemy airplanes. The U boat plunged down to the sea floor thousands of feet below sea level .In 1996 two Submersibles went down on a documentary for national geographic. They discovered a brass box that looked like a coffin that It was too ling to be a coffin the rectangular shaped box was about 9 feet long and 3 feet wide. They finally decided to baffle it to the surface to find out what was in the coffin looking box. When the box was aboard the ship at that place was a curious crewmember that had wanted to see what was in spite of appearance the box. The man thought it wouldnt harm anybody so he lifted the cover a bit and out of the darkness of the box sprang a man shark with metal claws and metal teeth. The creature took the man to the bottom and fed on its kill. The ma n shark found its way to a place called waterboro there it had killed people and sea creatures. Then it had found its way to land and killed a bunch more people and animals. On an island there was an institute for marine life but mainly white sharks. It was mainly by a man named chase he studied the man shark. And then finally the shark man came on the island and tried to kill chase but chase tricked the man shark into going into an air compression chamber. There he turned up the pressure and boom The man shark exploded into bits.The main character of White shark is chase Simon he is about 5 feet 6 inches lofty he has dark hair and he is pretty strong he is about in his twenties. He is a nice person that loved animals oddly white sharks and he is also smart brave and nice The main character traits for chase are that he is driven and brave. I choose determined because he was very interested in white sharks so he was determined to learn about them and find out new things about the m and wherefore they do things. Chase is brave because he was swimming with great whites and he also killed the man shark and he was the only one that did it.

White Shark :: essays research papers

This book is about a worldly concern shark that was created during World War two. The man shark was an experiment by the Russians for war. The Russians were transporting it in a u-boat the u-boat was shot and sank by enemy airplanes. The U boat plunged down to the sea dump thousands of feet below sea level .In 1996 two Submersibles went down on a documentary for national geographic. They discovered a brass cuff that looked like a coffin but It was too ling to be a coffin the rectangular shaped box was about 9 feet long and 3 feet wide. They lastly decided to take it to the surface to find out what was in the coffin looking box. When the box was aboard the ship there was a curious crewmember that had precious to see what was inside the box. The man thought it wouldnt harm anybody so he lifted the cover a bit and out of the darkness of the box sprang a man shark with metal claws and metal teeth. The creature took the man to the bottom and fed on its kill. The man shark found its wa y to a place called waterboro there it had killed people and sea creatures. Then it had found its way to land and killed a bunch more people and animals. On an island there was an install for marine life but mainly white sharks. It was mainly by a man named chase he studied the man shark. And then last the shark man came on the island and tried to kill chase but chase tricked the man shark into going into an air compression chamber. There he turned up the pressure and boom The man shark exploded into bits.The main character of White shark is chase Simon he is about 5 feet 6 inches tall he has dark hair and he is pretty strong he is about in his twenties. He is a nice mortal that loved animals especially white sharks and he is also smart brave and nice The main character traits for chase are that he is determined and brave. I choose determined because he was very interested in white sharks so he was determined to learn about them and find out sensitive things about them and why t hey do things. Chase is brave because he was swimming with great whites and he also killed the man shark and he was the only bingle that did it.

Explain Why Pope Urban Ll Called for a Crusade

In 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Pope urban ll made a regnant and well planned speech. His message was clear and precise, go to the holy land in Jerusalem and bring back what is rightfully yours or die trying, and in return remission of all your sins with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven. He was addressing Christians from all over France ejaculateing for a Crusade in the name of God and as many would argue, abusing his authority and status he received from the Catholic Church.What occurred during the First Crusade is well known to many, whereas the reason screw Pope Urban ll calling the Crusade is a highly debated and contradicting issue. One of the reasons which are occasionally cited for Urbans calling of the First Crusade is the call of help which Alexins Comnenus had sent to Urban at the Council of Piacenza. This letter was sent in response to the loss of Byzantine land which had occurred aft(prenominal) the battle of Manzikert in 1072.The letter When Urban received this letter it is debateable as to whether he was actually galvanised by the thought of helping Alexins or if his main motive was an attempt at remainder the schism between the Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox church in Constantinople. This is likely as it was one of the ideals of the papal reform movement which Urban belonged to, following in the footsteps of his predecessor, Gregory VII. By making out to help the Byzantine emperor in their time of need, Urban hoped to heal the schism.Another reason behind wherefore Urban called for a Crusade is for religious purposes. He entangle Christians in the East needed to be rescued from persecution and had suffered mightily at the hands of the Turks and in that respect men and children were being persecuted and there women raped , this was also backed up in Alexins letter to the Pope. Christians were supposedly suffering under Muslim control after the Byzantine Empire was defeated by the Seljuk Turks w ho reverted to Islam, at the point when Islam was a religion quickly rising in power and dominance.Urban saw this impact of the Christian race as a great disrespect of Christianity and used it as a stimulus in his speech at the Council of Clermont which angered and therefore manipulated the Christian race into heading to the holy land for the First Crusade. Finally, an additional reason for Urbans calling for a so called Crusade was that he felt the lands of Christ needed to be reclaimed and in the control of Christianity not in the hands of infidels. Jerusalem is at the centre of the Christian trustingness and is the eligions birth place. It is the land in which Jesus was crucified and then, as Christians believe, bought back to life in a miracle event. Urban said in his speech, wrest that land from the evil race, that land which the scripture says floweth with milk and honey and was given by god to the children of Israel. By these few words we can understand why Urban felt so strongly that it the land of Christians and why he ordered for it to be reclaimed, even if it mean death.At the time of Urbans speech Jerusalam was under the rule of Muslim, who also have a strong attachment with the land as it is the place where the holy prophet descended to heaven. Urban however believed that it belonged to the Christians and therefore ordered it to be reclaimed in the name of god. Pope Urban ll called for a Crusade at the Council of Clermont to claim back what he believed rightfully belonged to the Christians and unite the Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. Through the cover of Alexins plea for help Urban strengthened relations with the Byzantine Empire and called on a Crusade that was to claim thousands of lives.

Example Creative Project Analysis as Film Studies Essay

In my storyboard I started with normal diegetic sound to create the normal, realistic atmosphere of sounds such as gates creaking and the wind blowing. This is so the earreach is aware of the surroundings, considering no establishing shot was used prior to this to direct the setting similarly generates a forbidding and mysterious atmosphere to begin with, leaving it to the consultations imagination to guess what is going to happen as no hints to the genre have yet been made yet. Then we have non-diegetic sound as music influenced by the beat from Jaws starts to play.This makes the audience feel uneasy and unusual as they realise something blighted may happen because of the sinister music. I was conscious of the significant use of music to create atmosphere within the standoff genre and therefore valued the soundtrack to emphasise the stress on screen. The music gets louder and louder as the assaulter gets closer to the victim to emphasise the fact that there is danger ahea d and something bad is clearly slightly to happen. The music stops just before the murder as the girl screams as it is inevitable now that the girl is going to die, it builds up tension more and pulls you into a false sense of security.At the end the only sound we hear is the diegetic sound of the attacker laughing, this is so all the focus is on her and shows she has no guilt over what she has done, leaving the audience wondering about the character so it keeps it interesting and intriguing for them to watch. Costume is used in this storyboard to show normalcy. The attacker is dressed like a normal teenage girl so the audience can somehow relate to her as well as the other character and to suggest she is just another typical modern girl, which is why it is a shock to the audience when she kills the other girl and impacts so greatly.The orca in this film is also a female because they are usually seen to be damsels in distress that need saving so youd never expect her to kill some one, which is another way I have attempted to make the film be original and shock the audience. Women serial killers may not be as strong as a male would be but they have a bigger impact on the victims and on the audience watching, the influence for this idea comes from films such as Friday The 13th, Audition and Phenomena. The props in this storyboard are also significant, especially the use of the knife in the picture when the attacker is at the door.The use of the knife is taken from the 1996 slasher/horror film scream which greatly influenced the film and how the killing took place, this is to help when marketing to a specific come out audience and so the audience can have something to compare the film too without it being too over-predictable. In picture 10, the girl is being killed and has a teddy bear in her hand this is to imply she is young, innocent and vulnerable and also shows that she is just a normal child in the comfort of her confess home and was not expecting anyt hing like that to happen, which is an effective contrast to when she is being stabbed.The lighting used was very dim and minimal throughout as it was shot at night so the killer could hide in the shadows effectively to make her seem mysterious at first and to make the audience wonder about her. This is to play on the audiences natural fear of the dark and shadows, which is a usual characteristic of the genre and is seen in many other horror films.The main camera shots used where over the shoulder shots and point of view shots from the killer itself, this is so the audience can actually identify with the killer and the audience will drive pleasure from the actions of the killer because if the audience is there to see a horror film they expect there to be deaths and blood as it is typical of the genre itself to play on natural human fears. During the attack there is rapid use of camera movement such as a zoom used to intensify the stabbing action and to put it in clear perspective for the audience.The extreme close up at the end is also used to emphasise on the psychotic glare of the killer as she laughs and is meant to unnerve the audience. In my creative sequence I wanted to use small features in keeping with the horror genre in order to create audience response. My choice of sound, mise en scene and cinematography was done so to maximise the effect of my chosen scene and to effectively make a different type of horror film with an addition of originality and an addition of normal generic conventions, general I think it was successful.

Investigation into the impact of tourism on Croyde and Newquay

In this Coursework I harbour decided to compargon and contrast Croyde and Newquay as they twain(prenominal) take up comparable tourist attracters and geographical features. They resemblingwise differ in whatever counsels and I pop the question to find step forward how, why and what has caused this. I went d make to Newquay on the 6th of august when some(prenominal) the Ripcurl board masters and the Newquay music set down sessions were on so this was a prime time to get some useful results. I went down to Croyde on deuce occasions, 11th august when nothing spectacular was on and then again on the 7th September when the Jesus surf classic controversy is on so this was also a prime time to get some useful results.I come always loved the outdoors and fetching part in extreme sports that use geographical features to their advantages so I guess this is why Geography has been something that has always interested me mainly because I construct wanted to be why natural anoma lies occur much(prenominal) as waves. I fork over decided to study the impacts of tourism on two similar aras Croyde and Newquay are both holiday destinations that I have forebodeed and that I am familiar with which has influenced my choice to use them in my coursework. Even though they are 86 miles apart they share similar characteristics such as universal surf locations because they share the similar sea.I went to Croyde and Newquay within the same calendar week to get some fair tests. Obviously in that respect were certain factors that still made this test unfair. I went to Newquay on the 6th, which was in the middle of the very popular Ripcurl Boardmasters and the music week b separately sessions. So there impart obviously be much tourists in Newquay.I am trying to find out what and how tourism make these two holiday destinations. I would have preferred to take some results a few years ago and gather how Newquay or Croyde have advancedly-developed because of tourism besides this was not possible so instead I impart compare the two. Here are two maps showing the places I have studied.My objective in order to athletic supporter me find out what I need to find are as follow* To find out how more tourists visit for what reason.* How far and how quite a little travel to visit these compasss.* What readjustment tourists detain in when they visit these areas.* How much litter defilement tourists cause. LITTER COUNT AND camp down SITE SURVEY* How much the local economy is supported by tourist business.Background knowledgeCroydeCroyde Bay in Devon is a resolution on the west-facing coastline of North Devon. It is rare exclusively to some surfers the village is cognise as The Place of Legends or The Place of Kings due to the way that the village is almost better and so is the beach. It is a favourite destination for families and surfers alike. The name Croyde is believed to have derived from an Anglo-Saxon settlement in the area. Croyde vil lage is a charming little hamlet of thatched cottages with some another(prenominal) places to eat, buy gifts and hire beach equipment including surfboards. It has many popular spots neighbouring such as Watersmeet in lyton/lynmouth, Golf in Saunton and Walking areas that make this area expense staying both on a holiday and as a day trip.During the 20th century Croydes development was based on traditional seaside tourism. Before this the village was based on the local agriculture. The past 30 years has imaginen large increases in younger-age visitors develop around glide. It is home to some(prenominal) mild campsites, a small retail area in the centre of the village, and a large holiday park, Ruda Holiday Park, operated by Parkdean Holidays. Walking is also a very popular attraction for tourists with the South West Coast Path giving access to the spectacular Baggy Point, which is owned by the National Trust.Croyde has three pubs in the village The Manor, billy Budds, and Th e Thatched Barn Inn. As far as education goes the children in croyde share the Georgeham Primary School with many of the neighbouring villages. For secondary education they have to go to braunton for every the Community College or Braunton School. Croyde beach is placed in a sheltered bay measuring at 0.8km long.The shallow slope of the beach means that the high and low water marks are 500m apart making this beach safe for children. Surfing is another popular attraction in croyde. Although the rides are primarily pretty short on the beach though, the waves tend to pitch up and break fast making it attractive to shortboarders. The beach forms the middle section of a trio of sandy beaches north of the Taw estuary. 6 km long Saunton Sands is 1 km to the south, 3km long Woolacombe Sands, divided into Putsborough and Woolacombe beaches, 1.5 km to the north.There were several drownings on the beacj in the 1950s causing the local authoritites to introduce some lifeguards. There is a break some 3/4 mile offshore that breaks when the beach of Croyde is closed out by large swells. The population is split neatly into two polarized but quietly coexisting groups one-half the locals are bungalow-inhabiting retirees, the other half are the surfers (almost all of whom are under 30). Surfing is a religion there.NewquayThe introductory signs of settlement in Newquay consist of a late Iron age hill fort/industrial centre which exploited the nearby abundant resources and the superior natural defences provided by Trevelgue HeadNewquay was originally the fishing port of Towan Blistra before the untested quay was built in the fifteenth century. The quay was used for the import of coal and the export of mined ore. For many years, the main industry was pilchard fishing and salting. These days Newquay is the stamping ground with all the nightlife but not so much of the original culture. Newquay is famous for the surfing championships, held at Fistral Beach, which attract competito rs from all over the world.The main townsfolk beaches are Towan, Great Western, Lusty Glaze and Tolcarne, all of which are reasonably sheltered and safe for swimming and sun worshipping. Newquay has two secondary schools, Newquay Tretherras School is a state-funded specialist technology college and Newquay Treviglas which is a specialist business college. Surfing is also a very large part of newquays tourist attraction holding numerous surfing external and local competitions the latest being the ripcurl boardmasters. Fistral bay has very clean wave sucsetions that make it ideal for surfing. Being 0.75km in length it is a resonable size. It is oft very crowded in the summer both on the beach and in the water. The cribbar, named after the reef which stretches half a mile from the beach, is a legendary wave that only breaks at Fistral Beach around once every 2 years. This incedible swell croup reach heights of around 40 feet.It was first surfed in 1967 by Jack Lydgate, Bob Head an d Rod Sumpter. The recent explosion in interest in surfing large waves has spured many international surfers both pro and ameteur to come and visit newquay to tr out the waves and the community of newquay. Newquay is well known for its lively nightlife. Nightclubs such as Berties, Tall Trees and Sailors attract well known international DJs. Newquay has been a popular destination for hen and stag nights as the town now has a lap-dancing club and the explosive nightlife attracts muckle to hold them here.The town has a permenant population of around 19,423 but this can increase to 100,000 or more in the summer because Newquay has a large stock of holiday fitting. Which is not surprise when you think that it was home to the author of Lord of the Flies and The Beatles filmed part of the Magical Mystery Tour film in Newquay. Scenes were filmed at the Atlantic Hotel and Towan Beach.As we know travel all over the world has become cheaper and cheaper with more methods of travel and more s lew being able to travel. Flights have become very cheap compared to how they used to be making tourism from England go abroad so places like newquay and croyde have been forced to make their own efforts to attract tourism second to Cornwall. They have risen to the challenge by using their advantage of the Atlantic coast and focused on surfing.From the tourism they authentic from tourism certain places in newquay and croyde decided to get benefit from this and so extended ways that they could make bullion out of tourism and so increase the attractions for tourism. Newquay had introduced many nightclubs and bars whereas croyde introduced a young persons arcade at a time implying that they get more families with young volume then older couples. Both of the towns have had to increases accommodation and have done this by opening campsites and converting houses into hotels and other forms of accommodation.MethodDuring this I will be stating what data I want to find out, how and why I am going to be collecting the certain parts of data.Why do tourists visit these destinations?In order to do this I need to take on this as part of my questionnaire. To find out who comes to these destinations and why they come here. A questionnaire is the best way to find out sufficient results for this question as I can shoot questions that are to the point and get exact answers from the people who affect the areas of coast both humanly and environmentally. On the day I am going to stand in the streets of Croyde and Newquay asking people if they wouldnt mind spending a little time to fill out my questionnaire. formerly I have done this I will collect the data and group in a format I can easily read and relate to, I gave out 30 questionnaires in both Croyde and Newquay because I thought 30 wasnt too low i.e.I could still get sufficient data from this pith and it wasnt too many as I didnt have as much time as I would have liked. I stood in similar spots in both Newquay and Croy de to make it even The main beach entrance, the beach car park and the main shopping area (central town). I did this as I could gather the information quicker, as they are the busiest spots, and I could also go about other tasks whilst theyre such as a tax disc survey. With the questionnaire I simply asked every other person who walked pass me. This is because I am then asking a wider range of people as if I ask ever person I see then some may be related whereas if I leave it every other one there is a stronger likely hood that they are not together therefore getting no recaps.How far and how people travel to these locations.In order to do this I will be asking how people have travelled and how many with in a questionnaire as I can get the detailed information I desire but I can take a tax disc survey to find out how far, this will be a lot quicker therefore enabling me to get more results. I will carry out the tax disc survey in a car park and look on cars tax discs and where t hey have been stamped, this may not be very accurate as people may travel a fair way to get there tax discs as post offices are closing down. The more results I get the higher(prenominal) the precision of my work is. This is important as the boost people travel to these locations makes me think that the falsify in tourism has been fan out wider and heard more further away possibly making the change larger and more attractive to the majority of people looking to travel in England. On the day I will hand out my questionnaire and ask people to take part in my coursework and with the tax disc survey I will go into two or three car parks collecting the locations that people have travelled to reach this destination. Once I have done this I will group all my data into workable format. With the tax disc survey I will work out the carbon footprint of the data I feel applicable. I have done this so I can work out how far the attraction of the effect of tourism has spread.What accommodation tourists stay in when they visit these areas?In the questionnaire I have included the request of information on the tourists accommodation. This will help me again as the more people who use hotels will suggest the more hotels there are and therefore the demand for them is greater. This will help me because I will be able to know whether the most popular forms of accommodation require more or less litter pollution to the area or whether the owner takes the litter under their responsibility. I will do this again by using the format of my questionnaire, as this will be a strong and effective source.How much litter pollution tourists cause?In order to get the results I want to answer this objective I will take a litter count by recording the amount of litter I see in a 2m then I repeat this every 20m and I will also include an Environmental Perception Grid in my questionnaire assuring I get both raw data and peoples opinions on the amount of litter in the area. Once I have done this I can then result in concluding what I have established following-onto linking it back to the main aim of this coursework and whether the tourism impact on the two different places was affirmative or negative.How much the local economy is supported by tourist business?I will do this entirely based on a land use classification sheet that I have done. I did this by move through the main street of the two towns marking what shops were what and concluding what they were used for and who they were there for. Hopefully I will find a great dissimilarity in the two places here resulting in my conclusion saying how tourism has affected these two places in different ways. I will have to reproof about how and why the area has let tourism effect it in this way in comparison to the way the other place has let is change it.Results with Analysis.For this part I will be putting my data for both Croyde and Newquay into appropriate charts so I can directly compare the data against each other then writing what the data tells me before relating what I have found out directly back to my main objective. To do this I will work through each method accordingly slowly producing my main conclusion to this piece of coursework taking into account applicable pieces of data and using these to back up my opinion on my investigation and how tourism has effected both then I will give my opinion on whether its a positive or a negative effect.Why do tourists visit these destinations?I have put the data from my questionnaire in two bar charts that I can compare directly. The reasons for visit in both places in very similar but the duration of the visit are very different. Croyde has 20 more people visiting for a week and Newquay has 20 more people visiting for 3 days. I think this is strongly representative of the way they have both differed in changing as 3 day trips tend to be made by younger people who have gone down for a specific reason. However week + holidays is often family orientated as they have gone down to spend some time away. I took this data in the summer holidays which backs my point up. I have also taken the ages and put them in a graph as I think it will help me conclude the way I think tourism has changed either place as the reasons, I feel, will be more pronounced with a accustomed age group.The age of people asked was very similar showing me no evidence that the change in tourism has made the ages visiting any different.As the young age group is the largest I think this was their main aim as I think this would be the largest market. I think Newquay and Croyde have changed in different ways but they have still managed to attract the same main target market. The age group in Croyde was more evenly spread than Newquay so maybe Croyde has changed more appropriately for all age groups. In order for me to differentiate the ways they have changed and whether this difference in change was grave or bad I will need to look else were as the reason and length of visit has attached me no reason to believe the reasons for visit are any different.How far and how people travel to these locations.All people questioned in Croyde either got their on a bike, by foot or by a car, however, people who were questioned in Newquay only arrived on motorized vehicles 7% even arriving on a plane. Newquay has this choice as it has its own airport and rent station as well as very frequent public services fall outning till 3am at night to the surrounding areas, this has enabled newquay to have tourists from France whereas croyde isnt as main-stream as Newquay making it not as widely known mainly because of its lack of public transport, this is mostly dues to its lack of size, roads and economy couldnt support such methods of transport certainly as the village stands. In Fig. 7 you can easily see that there are more places than in Fig. 8.This is mainly a result of what I have just explained in order to back up further my point I have worked out the dista nce mingled with Croyde and Newquay and were their tourists travelled from creating a circle of influence that I can directly compare. This will help me as part of my conclusion will be on whether the difference, if any, in the way tourism has developed is a good thing on the area and although this may be a good thing that they are attracting people on the area obviously the further away people travel the longer they are driving and therefore the larger their carbon footprint. Fig. 9 clearly shows that newquay has a much larger circle of influence obviously this is very good for the locals so far as tourism means money for workers there however environmentally this is a negative.What accommodation tourists stay in when they visit these areas?This is hugely dependant on the land the area has and how available the area lends itself to things such as hotels. To do this I have put a question in my questionnaire about accommodation then I will be, again, plotting both Newquays and Croyd es data against each other just to make the difference as well as numerical making it visual as this will be easier to remember and makes it easier to remember as numbers or percentage can often be to close and therefore rounded distorting the comparison.As we can see in Fig. 10 93% of people who visited croyde either camped or stayed in bed and breakfasts. They also rented houses (holiday homes Self catered) however Newquays largest majority with 40% was people who stayed in hotels. There are so many hotels in Newquay making this such an available option for tourists. Croyde has few hotels as such however they have many bed and breakfasts and self service accommodation options. Camping and holiday homes are popular as many prefer to save money and cater for themselves I think this is because most of the tourists in Croyde are families as apposed to Newquays being in their late teens early 20s. Newquays demand for hotels is so big people are renovating rows of houses into serial of hotels. There has been so much of this over the last few years because of Newquays growth.How much litter pollution tourists cause?Now that we have established what accommodation tourists use when visiting these two destinations I want to see what effects this has on the two towns so far as litter is concerned.This clearly shows that newquay has a higher litter concentration than Croyde which surprises me on the fact that 50% of Croyde accommodation is camping which I though would create terrible litter problems however newquay is well larger than croyde making the tourist capacity larger so I have decided to repeat this test in the exact same places but with people instead of litter. I have done this by counting every person that passes my left and right leaving ahead and behind, then like the litter count I will walk 20m before I take my next count.This shows that both of the beaches were the busiest places however Newquay does have more people but there isnt such the signific ant difference that there is compared to litter. In the questionnaire I have asked people what they think of the area in terms of the factors that tourism could have affected.How much the local economy is supported by tourist business?A vast majority of the local services in Newquay and Croyde are run by local people making tourism a highly important part of their lives as it is tourists who would be mainly targeted in two popular tourist destinations. I have drawn up and filled out a land-use classification table to help me with this also using the questionnaire to find out who actually uses the facilities that these two areas have to offer.Obviously being holiday destinations alone answers my question alone as they obviously do rely on tourism to keep their jobs going. Fig. 15 shows that both Croyde and Newquay have facilities for all their tourists. I can s a majority of the 30 people asked have used about every facility. So as they rely on tourism they have made the Facilities well as evidently tourist use them. Fig. 14 shows that a lot more of how the two towns have let tourism change them in different ways. Newquay has concentrated on the entertainment market whereas (Fig. 15) Croyde has concentrated on the outdoors sports such as beach activities and waling. I can tell this as a larger percentage of people asked had used the entertainment facilities in Newquay where most people in croyde had used the beach, walked or the sports equipment hire.ConclusionResearching two similar holiday destinations in depth has clearly painted a conceive of for me so far as how they differ in the way they attract tourists and what the tourists do, where they stay and how they travel to their destination be it Newquay or Croyde. I think I have been fairly successful so far as achieving my main aim however there are things I have learnt on the way that I would have done differently had I been given more time and facilities. The main reason I think Newquay has changed from Croyde yet their aims are the same is that Newquay is a lot bigger than Croyde making it easier to build on and sustainable as Croyde has narrow roads and a small population which would be directly effected if the town were to expand outwards.Newquay however has lent itself to this very well having fairly flat and available land. Newquay has changed this way as there is far more money in the long run for large amounts of tourists and throughout the winter they will still get tourists as they have many hotels 50% of people asked camped in Croyde and few people will want to do this in the winter. I think overall I have tried hard and succeeded in comparing Newquay and Croyde. They differ in many ways and couldnt be more similar in others making them attractive for different reasons.EvaluationHad I been given the chance to do this again I would put in deeper research into the area and mainly extending my questionnaire and asking 100 people as the more people questioned the more reliab le my result however this would not need to be a necessity as I effectively took a random savor of many as I randomly asked every other person (that was the only reason I chose them) making them as reliable as possible.I went to croyde when I Ripcurl board masters was on but I firstly went to croyde when nothing was happening so I decided to make this fair by going back to croyde when a surf festival was on. There were many tests I took that had no help to my main aim making them completely incapacitate and therefore wasting some of my time that I could have spent else where. Hopefully these downfalls in my research havent affected my outcome too much. I would repeat my results and do them all round the year as in summer obviously I would have more results than the winter I would like to see how the change of year/weather change my results and see whether the public prefer this change and therefore prefer these areas in winter.

Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

A bustling mall with Christmas shoppers, a hearty Christmas meal served with wine and epicurean meals, and Christmas gifts galore below the tree, brand new cars for gifts and other senior high school priced consumer gifts be a healthy sign of economic reverseth. Basically, they were available thanks to a robust economy back up by plentiful jobs enhancing the deportmentstyles. economical growth is the byproduct of economic phylogenesis. That is to say, economic development starts with enhancing formulas of economic composites such(prenominal) as industry, real estate, and factories.When all the underpinnings be operative efficiently like a nearly-greased machinery, high output results to economic growth directly evident in the form of high living, high consumerism, and affluent society. Economic growth is one political trump card that catapults a presidential aspirant to the White House, possibly after having pandered on the voters appeal with a red-faced economic plan, b ut only to be busted soon as put in the position.Because the economy is as volatile as our behavior, interestingly enough, to call for about sustaining economic growth, what is needed is what is called applied intelligence (Wanniski) in practical sense as Hitler did employing bright minds managers that helped solve mass unemployment plaguing his regime. Sustained economic development is achievable, if hope and incentives kitty be provided, (Leisinger). Economics, indispensable Resources and Sustainable DevelopmentQuestion 2 rationalise the causes of and solutions to environmental degradation in general. We are at a critical period confronted by a big dilemma that of maintaining our own survival as a species in the highest totem pole of biological hierarchy. Studies after studies arouse established that we are our own threat. This is an unfortunate reality that sustaining our prodigious universe, exponentially growing, is paradoxically pushing us out of humanity. Our in truth n eeds to sign our life have ca utilise severe degradation on our ecosystem.On this endeavor alone, it is said that each individual requires 1600 calories per day, and more, just to fuel other of our vital activities, such as recreation, writing, going on vacation, to name a few. Since our sustenance comes from food, keeping us well fed requires that farming be stepped up with the demand. In so doing, the nation has suffered grave depletion of nutrients, and fertilizer is introduced to the rescue, but ultimately found has its own caustic effect on the environment.More spaces are beingness carved out from the forests to grow more food, get wood for lumber and cooking. This activity has introduced the problem of deforestation negatively manifesting in soil erosion, flooding, depletion of oxygen, endangerment of our flora and fauna that are vital to the raw(a) balance. Toxic gas is emitted from using wood for cooking, rampant among the third world countries. Combined with combustion s from factories, power plants, and cars, the build up of pollution in the atmosphere creates a phenomenon called global warming.Weather becomes more wacky and wicked descending on land in the form of catastrophic magnitude typhoons, hurricanes, tornado, and drought. Weve felt the force of Katrina, devastations in the south by tornadoes, continuous drought in Ethiopia and other African countries, and devastating typhoons in Asia. Our ozone layer is thinning out exposing us to more irradiation from the sun. That the high use of aerosols in Australia is said to cause droughts in Ethiopia (Rotstayn).In summation, what scientists have found out is a colossus of a problem convey in the following (EPA) Studies using the ecological footprint formula show that if e rattlingone in the world consumed resources at the same rate as people in the richest countries, humans would need at least three planet Earths to support everyone. Like any other problems, environmental degradation begs for s olution, what for a magnitude such as we face instantly? While ideas may differ, scientists are very much united in voicing out that we need for us to agitate our ways, i. e. abits, thinking, and acts. We need to be highly aware and conscious that we are the biggest generator of problem that can destroy our one and only home planet Earth. It makes it positive to abandon the old thinking system that our earth is infinite and so whatever we do, it has an ability to absorb and continue to adapt and evolve for us. Instead, the popular sermon is that we need, firstly, to change, do whatever logically is necessary to biologically fit into the natural scheme of things. Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development ) What are the biggest problems associated with population growth? Which solutions are currently and potentially effective? Answers must include citations from Garrett Hardins Tragedy of the Commons. (I will upload this article. ) As man like the fictional spaceshi p try proceeds merrily in its destiny-led travels, great many things have occurred on its wake. Foremost is the concomitant increase in population without a clear stilt whether it is heading to infinity or finiteness resulting from its own obsolete moral bearings and perhaps to its own extinction as a species.Garrett Hardin, a moral scientist in his essay The Tragedy of Commons has discussed in length about humanitys direction leading to disaster without a full awareness of dispositions biological make up as the governing power over everything, including the most intelligent creature mankind. The un-curved human population growth has now forced itself into the human scene, big, magnified, and digitalized, it is hard to ignore the magnitude of the problem. Associated in the population growth is the problem facing mankind sustainability of itself in the hierarchy, as it derives support from the ecosystem.To support the burgeoning population, mankind, in the process, depletes the na tural resources around needed to sustain its own life. That is, natural fauna and flora habitats are harmed irreversibly. Mankind left supporting its own priorities for materialism and un-tempered freedom is proving to be the greatest human folly, a grave shortsightedness with a devastating end. The beauty that Hardins thoughts come in the provoking curtailing measures by which to ensure the perpetual existence of humanity, perhaps even beyond a cataclysmic biological attack. Mankind, he says, must do some minding. Solution he espouses to solveEconomics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development population growth is the necessary and urgent change in faith, no longer the prudent Puritanical canons of morality closest to Eucharistic ad infinitum ordinance of multiplication. On the other hand, necessity to abandon the freedom to breedonly so, we can put an end to this aspect of the tragedy of commons, (Hardin) is the urgent call of the times. Economics, Natural Resources and Sus tainable Development 4) Compare and contrast three different methodologies employ to monetize environmental benefits. Under which dowery is each appropriate?In the studies of ecosystem and environmental services, three forms of methodologies are used with similar focus and dissimilar applications. All three are used to augur the economic use or non use value of certain ecosystem or recreational sites in varying degrees. The contingent Valuation Method is widely used, and very suitable to estimate the non use or use of remote ecosystems and environmental services. This method obtains valuation contingent on the answers that people give to direct questions asked, versus being observed, which characterizes its weakness and strength, and it is notoriously a constitutely method.The Hedonic Pricing Method is used in estimating the economic values of ecosystem and environmental services as it affects the food market prices. Basically, the method obtains estimate in real figure how mu ch people would want to pay for some enhanced changes in goods or services. For instance, offered access, addition or elimination of a recreational area, improving the quality of a certain recreational site. Another is the Travel Pricing Method. Obtained data based on the positive trip and cost incurred by visitors to see a particular site as validating factor to its economic use value.This method is fairly less(prenominal) expensive and much simpler than the other two. (http//www. ecosystemvaluation. org/travel_costs. htm Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development 5) In what situations is cost-effectiveness analysis most useful? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this methodology? How is it conducted? In every research, cost factor is a big consideration. Researching on situations where the economic nonuse value is being determined, cost effective methods is proving most useful. Contingent Valuation Method known for its high cost is used to weigh between th e values of protecting wild species vs. pening the land for commercialization such as for lease. Empirical use of the method has been used in the following studies Mono Lake Project research is undertaken to know how much water will be provided to Los Angeles coming from sources feeding the Mono Lake, and any return would impact the nesting birds in the lake. A study conducted by the Federal Regulatory Commission wanted to resolve the issue of allowing more water to the recreation areas, with a consequential reduction of available water to produce hydropower.The Bureau of Reclamation and National Park Service conducted the study plan and determine how rafters are bear on in their recreational activity during the even base flow and the low peak flow. Whether protecting the endangered fish denizens of the Four Corners Region is economically full considering the meticulous maintenance, for instance, providing fish passageways and simulated natural flows from the dam essential for th e fish survival is the correct project to pursue was the objective of the study. The Salmon Restoration Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development tudy basically wants to determine if destroying two dams that offer no conduit for salmon to jump over to its upstream spawning ground would be a unspoiled undertaking, Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development to realize a threefold increase in salmon migration after the demolition costs of the dam between $100-125 million. Advantages of Contingent Valuation Method are its high flexibility to apply to studies on many kinds of non market goods and services, non use or use economic values existence values, and bequest values data are easier to describe and analyze and the method is under constant improvement.The downside of the method are the inherent high cost unbelief whether it is measuring exactly the peoples attitude to pay for having upgraded the environment that questions tend to be bias, incomplete, un realistic validating the estimates on nonuse values are uncorrectable to do empirically expensive to conduct because it requires longer time doing the pretests and surveys and last, its results are not considered reliable by many, including economists, jurists and policy makers.When using the CVM method, it is imperative that a very competent surveyor to handle the survey plan and implementation for reliable data to result, given the many issues surrounding the validity of the method. (http//www. ecosystemvaluation. org/travel_costs. htm) Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development 6) How would you survey a CVM study to determine its credibility? Look at all the design variables in detail. Considering the inherent questionable nature of the method, a researcher should ab initio be highly aware of its inadequacy as a reliable method, and thus improve its chances of getting credible results.Make sure that the survey is well designed and subjected to pretests before imp lementation. Ask focused and specific questions, preferably giving no leeway for misinterpretation in the minds of the respondents, making the services from the setting discrete and clear. Beforehand, obtain the populations overall knowledge about the good or service, then select the appropriate survey sample. Depict the event picture using photographs, videos, descriptions personally conveyed, and in multi-media. Ask focused and specific questions to respondents to get clear and valid answers back.Demography of the population should be exact, and validate the questions to ensure pellucidness is achieved, and ensure that the results are evaluated and interpreted by professionals. Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development 7) What are the four universal hyposeses on the cause of world hunger? Explain all four in detail and give your own opinion on the validity of each. Global Scarcity World hunger is so prevalent a condition in countless countries, and it remains acco rding to WHO, the major health risk globally. (Vanderslice). Global food scarcity is occurring primarily because of an unabated population growth.The world population now at 6. 6 billion, statistically and logically, this size of population is un-proportionate to the methods and technology, at present, being used to produce the material sources to sustain this large numbers of people. Another parody of the situation is the fact that most density of population is centered in the third world countries, devoid of technological know-how to adequately supply the people. In my opinion Global food scarcity is a hypothesis that is assumptive and prescient. It is said that with the present food production of the industrialized countries combined, it can feed the worlds people.While that maybe true, but empirically, we can only see for ourselves the limitations that overpopulation can cause to the environment that sustains it. Land could not be simply used to produce foods, because it has o ther utilization for houses, grazing land, agriculture, dump, recreation, and other life essentials. 70 percent of the globe is water, and while human ingenuity can develop it for registration space, the effect of humungous population remains a doomsday scenario for human species without a sensible, biological plan. Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable DevelopmentDistribution of food resources At present, majority of food is produced with high efficiency in the western world, among the highly agricultural countries with advanced technologies. Though supply is in overabundance, but sending them to the needy countries is as much costly than to produce it. It is reported Great Britain has massive food wastage, precious commodity that can augment life to the starving communities, such as in Africa. But without the additional source of money to fund the transportation cost, the food lay wasted. Without suspect this is happening with food dumped in garbage bins of America.The lopsided situation in food production causes the inadvertent distribution problem, and grave malnutrition among the needy people. 80% poor peoples just consume 14% of the goods worldwide. (Shah). As state beforehand that cost of distribution is another aspect of hunger problem. Food distribution problem indeed is huge. An attestation that NGOs such as Feed the Children, a worldwide nonprofit organization, actively solicits donations towards food distribution cost Natural Causes When factored in, weather is a whimsical variable in the food production equation. solely about yearly, reports of destruction and devastation occur from regions of the world from natural forces of the weather. Be it abnormal amount of rain, snow, wind, hot temperature and the agriculture easily gets destroyed, registering negative storage facilities to stave off a local or bigger size climate aberration on its food impact on the amount of harvest. Mostly hard hit, are the impoverished nations who lack Econ omics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development production. Thus, easily, hunger sets in to affect a mass of people. Weather is a realistic phenomena exhibited by nature.Who could doubt the excessive force weather exhibits at its full force. We have heard and seen the tsunami occurring in Asia and some parts of the globe onslaught of Katrina in America and the perpetual drought in Africa. Thus far, there is no known technology that could stop its destructive force except for forecasts that save lives, and nothing to protect the agriculture left open in the fields. Inefficient food production Faddish diets are in, and this causes food production to swing where most consumption is, motivated by financial gain. Diets are of all kinds, and causing confusion to the many.There are those that desist grain-based diets who are abstaining from carbohydrates. While those who sustains on carnal products for more protein, consumes more milk, chicken, eggs, and head for the hills meat. Som e cultures consume nothing but vegetable diets. For any shift or change in health style, results to a concomitant difference in raising and growing these foods. But regardless of the ways and means, still production remains strenuous to the environment. It is not what is being grown, rather it is the rate of consumption that I believe most affective, and thereby registers negative impact on the environment.What faddish diets demands to produce, has a continuing strain on the environment. If the diet is heavy on animal products, then more animals needs to be Economics, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development raised, and producing them entails, in many respects, costly means such as more plowland to sustain great numbers of herds. From all these hypotheses, the scenario remains that man has to eat and maintaining that appetite and health demands is what strains the ecosystem to the max.

Inclusive Learning Essay

XXXXXX XXXXXX is a registered charity offering work based accomplishment programmes to young adults. within my role as Advanced Teaching Practitioner, I am responsible for curriculum design, monitoring teaching, cater dressing and mentoring, quality assurance and learner bring home the baconment in increase to my role as a Basic Skills Tutor. Before analysing current practices, I overhear gained the consent from those directly involved. In order to assess current comprehensive scholarship principles and practices of the organisation, I need to increase my understanding of comprehensive acquire for my gift Continued Professional Development (CPD).I need to reflect of my hold practices and the practices of others and evaluate the service provided. Findings What is inclusive Learning? Inclusive cultivation cannister be defined as the greatest degree of match or insure between the individualist learners requirements and the provision that is made for them (FEFC, 1996, p 2). Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the instruction needs of only(prenominal) students and being aw atomic number 18 of their individual needs. It is ab out(a) identifying the commonsensical adjustment that can be made without it having a negative impact of the teaching and study of others.Open University Press (2006) defines inclusive learning as acknowledging your students have a range of individual needs and atomic number 18 members of diverse communities. Inclusive teaching avoids pigeonholing students into specific groups with predictable and fixed processiones to learning. It is important to consider the need to be proactive as opposed to being reactive. To practice inclusive learning, actions need to be taken prior to students commencing the process.The Tomlinson encompass 1996 states Re-designing learning, judicial decision and organisations to fit objectives and learning styles may mean introducing new content to courses, adapting a ccess or both. This approach is quite divers(prenominal) from offering courses and then braggy students with difficulties some additional human or physical aids to participate. Under the Special Education Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001, all educational establishments mustiness not treat students less favourably than others and sire reasonable adjustments to ensure that their learners atomic number 18 not substantially disadvantaged.Learning Environment An accessible and safe learning environment is vital for inclusive learning to take stick. The premises that XXXXXX XXXXXX occupy are located on the second and third floor of a listed building. there are no lifts and there is a staircase leading up to the main reception. Under the Disability Discrimination Act, there is a requirement to coif reasonable adjustment to be able to ensure those students with a mobility disability are not excluded. XXXXXXhave made contingency plans whereby they use the premises inwardly a l ocal college as and when required.SENDA 2001 states that students should be able to access all serve provided for other students. In this case, the local college offers all the facilities and services we offer our students. Taking this into consideration, reasonable adjustments have been made. Access for all In order to give strategic direction to inclusive learning, Smith and Armstrong (2005, p1) state providers need to adopt a co-ordinated approach to inclusive learning, operative with different groups, genders and levels of learners. These is achieved ongoing within XXXXXX XXXXX.There is no discrimination on the grounds of gender or sexual orientation within XXXXXX XXXXXX and therefore XXXXXXcomply with all aspects of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975. Our learners come from mixed race, religion and in order to ensure that we accommodate these learners, all staff nonplus multifaith calendars to ensure that they can manage their learning over religious or cultural holidays. As we are funded for a 14-19 age provision, we cannot offer learning to anyone immaterial this age range. This is a limitation by DCELLS.Should anyone outside this age range require the same type of education and training, there are other training providers where they can be signposted. McGivney (2003) guidelines suggest that people with disabilities, ex-offenders, low paid unqualified workers, male manual workers, unemployed groups, rural residents, women with young children, homeless and those from ethnic nonage groups may have problems in participating in organised learning activities. (DCSF, 2008) states 9% of young people aged 16-19 are Not in Education, function or Training (NEET).As part of the E real Child Matters Agenda their aim is to break down the barriers to achievement and provide opportunities for those disengaged from learning. This agenda intends to ensure that programmes have been set up to identify children and young adults at risk and promote early intervention. Acc ording to the 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper those with learning difficulties are twice as likely to become NEET. XXXXXX XXXXXX have recently established street based youth work teams across communities in south Wales, working with teammate organisations to engage some of the hardest to reach young peopleAnd to progress them onto positive development opportunities in their own communities. The current teams are a pilot and are hoping to expand the project into other geographic and sector communities. XXXXXX XXXXXX are as well as establishing links to deliver full and part time extended curriculum services in schools for 14-18 year olds across Wales, providing fight for young people in the youth justice system establishing a youth drop in facilities at many centres and expanding the street based youth work.XXXXXXare also in community cohesion work particularly in areas with a large European unsettled youth communities and those with a migrant non-welsh speaking community within Welsh speaking indigenous communities. XXXXXXis piloting development of youth volunteering in under-represented groups. Taking all this into consideration, it shows the effort that is being made in order to provide inclusive learning to those students who are at risk of becoming NEET. Inclusive Learning in Initial Assessment According to Green and Bartram 1998, p7) Early and effective assessment of students requirements is critical to the concept of inclusive learning.There are three stages to the sign assessment process within the organisation. Prior to a learner joining they go through an initial assessment process. This begins with an informal interview following an endorsement from Careers Wales. In this interview, it allows the organisation time to carry out an informal assessment and identify individual learning needs. On entry, basic skills initial assessments and a VARK learning styles questionnaire are completed. From this process, an Individual Learning Plan (ILP ) is written that is specific to the needs of the learner which will identify individual goals.Green and Bartram (1998. p10) outline that in order to achieve best practice there should be a common and shared understanding of the purpose of initial assessment. Through discussion with staff and observations of the initial assessment process, it is evident that this there is a thorough initial assessment process which allows many opportunities to identify any individual needs and preferences. Following this process, if a learner is identified as having a literacy or numeracy need, diagnostic assessment is carried out.Learners have the opportunity to do these either by penning based methods or using Information Technology (IT). The results of this assessment then maturate an Individual Learning Plan that is specific to the learners literacy and/or numeracy needs and takes into consideration any surplus arrangements that may be required. Inclusive learning in the classroom If there ha s been an individual need identified through initial assessment, it is at this point XXXXXX XXXXXX are reactive as appose to being proactive. For those with physical disabilities, arrangements are made to reenforcement them.As previously discussed there is a lack of facilities within the centres to reinforcement learners with a disability affecting mobility and this is taken into consideration when careers signpost learners. Apart from this, Rooms are bright, well ventilated and are small enough to be able to accommodate those with minor hearing or visual impairments. When considering students who are deaf and hard of hearing, XXXXXXdo not have a strategy in plant for dealing with those who require specialist go for including lip speakers, sign language interpreters and speech to text reporters.Although many learners who require this support often plan their own support requirements. To ensure inclusion in the classroom, it should be considered when planning lessons. one time t he aims and objectives have been decided, it is then important to consider the needs and previous experiences of the learners. At this stage, you can consider if there are any adjustments that can be made to ensure that the lesson is inclusive Open University Press (2006). This could be large print handouts, alter teaching strategies, practical tasks as appose to written, aural or visual methods and where possible, taking into account multi sensory learning.When carrying out questioning in the classroom, there was very good use of reinforcement techniques to consolidate learning. Although tutors encouraged all members of the group to participate, this was through in such a way that no learners felt un informalityable. When this was requirement (e. g. a speaking and listening task) it was managed in a positive way to recognise individual needs. If learners need support with basic skills, subject specific tutors (NVQ, name Skills) liaise with the Basic Skills Tutor to organise extr a support in addition to their literacy and/or numeracy classes.If the learner has a learning difficulty that affects concentration, extra comfort breaks can be given and short activities should also be planned that vary in teaching strategy to keep learners engaged. At present, DCELLS are working towards converged basic and anchor skills. This initiative should have encourage a more standard approach as qualifications will be delivered in a different training and staff will be required to update their CPD. Practices vary depending on the experience of individual tutors within XXXXXX XXXXXX.When observing a key skills session, a tutor suggested to her group that it would be advantage to take notes whilst completing practical activities. On her lesson plan, she had shown inclusive practices by suggesting a Basic Skills Tutor could offer support with both reading and note taking if required. In terms of the use of classroom assistants or support workers, this is the only instance tha t in class support is offered due to staffing levels within the organisation. The majority of tutors promote equal opportunities practices by having notes available at the end of the lesson for all learners.Others show inclusive learning techniques by put out gapped handouts at the beginning of the lesson to support those with individual needs. This later method allows those learners who have lack of confidence in groups, those with hearing difficulties or partial sight a greater chance of achieving the objectives set from the lesson. Experienced staff uses assistive technology in the classroom such as coloured acetate, worksheets on coloured paper or magnifying equipment to support learners when reading books, but once again staff training is needed to ensure consistency throughout the organisation.Smith and Armstrong (2005) suggest providers should make sure that CPD and staff training supports structures and systems implemented to deliver the inclusive learning agenda. Through d iscussion with staff, it is evident that staff members have little knowledge of how to support learners with Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and other learning and behavioural needs. Therefore staff CPD needs to be updated and staff training offered. Having observed a selection of basic skills sessions, I have seen differentiation being managed very well within the classroom.There are obscure cases where worksheets have been the main teaching strategy due to the diverse nature of the group but the main reason for this is the need for staff development and training. Within sessions, individuals show good inclusive learning techniques when giving feedback. They are constructive and give praise for what has been done well and avoid being negative to learners. For those who have physical disabilities, there is IT equipment available such as specialist mouse and the ability to increase the font size on the majority of programmes used.If there is a need for out of class support, this is also available from the training assessors responsible for the individual learners. Individual training assessors are encouraged to spend time with all learners to build a rapport and encourage them to discuss any individual learning needs. These persons are trained to signpost for guidance and counselling if required. Assessment Once learning has taken place, there are various methods of assessment that are used. Within basic skills, learners are given a choice of completing assignments which are paper based or tests that can be taken using IT.For those who have to submit a portfolio, they are given the option of using IT to produce their work. There are also dictaphones available to record case studies, professional discussions or oral questioning as appose to written questions. These strategies in place show differentiation for individual needs are being considered. As well as the usual methods of assessment, learners also get a review which is carried out every four weeks. In this review, their progress is monitored and feedback is given on their performance.The Tomlinson insure (1996) shows us that monitoring progress and providing effective feedback contributes to effective inclusive teaching. Within their basic skills support sessions, further feedback is also given as part of their literacy/numeracy ILP. All learners at the end of their visits are given a Training And Support enter (TASL) which gives them feedback on any work produced. Conclusion Following this investigation, I have reached the conclusion that the organisation is reactive as appose to proactive with regard to inclusive learning.As a training provider, XXXXXX XXXXXX are genuinely non-selective about the learners who complete a programme. Many of the learners face a number of obstacles to engaging in learning including low educational attainment, a lack of basic and/or personal skills, caring obligations, homelessness, lack of s elf belief, confidence and self worth. Despite this, over 70% of the young people that are supported leave with a positive outcome. The 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper state that 12. 5% of the NEET group have learning difficulties and/or disabilities.If XXXXXXtraining wishes to continue aiming to offer inclusive learning and reduce this NEET cohort, there is a need to train staff by offering CPD in inclusive learning and ways of developing an inclusive learning strategy within the learner process. There are different teaching approaches within the organisation. (Tilstone et al. ,1998, p. 6) states a key issue in promoting inclusive practice must be a reappraisal of the training provided to teachers and other professionals From my observations, I intent that this is an accurate assumption to make.I have been able to observe many sessions over a period of time and have seen that tutors need training on how to incorporate inclusive learning strategies within their lesson plan. Smith and Armstrong (2005) also discuss how providers should establish a strategy for sharing best practice within an organisation. XXXXXXhave meetings for every subject route on a quarterly basis. Although this is an excellent way of sharing best practice, inclusive learning should be listed as an agenda item to ensure that it gets the attention it requires.Although everything is done during the learner process to ensure that equal opportunities and diversity are managed, XXXXXXhave a bullying and harassment procedure in place and also a sexual conquest procedure that prospective, current and past learners can instigate if they wish. From carrying out research into inclusive learning within XXXXXX XXXXXX, it has been shown that on the whole, a lot of work goes in to meeting the individual needs of the learner and offering a positive learner experience.Having now completed this research, it has made me aware of the financial restraints of the organisation. I feel that I will carry out my role as ATP differently when training staff and mentoring. When working towards curriculum design, I will also ask myself the question How can I make it more inclusive? and from this, I feel that this has played a big part in my CPD. Bibliography advance UNIT. (2006, declination 18). Access Unit Making Information Accessible to Disabled Students. Retrieved December 8, 2008, from University of Bristolhttp//www.bristol. ac. uk/accessunit/disabilityinfo/accessible33. html ADAMS, M. , & BROWN, S. (2006). Towards Inclusive Learning in Higher Education. capital of the United Kingdom Routledge . BLOOMER, M. , & HODKINSON, P. (1997). moving into FE The voice of the learner. capital of the United Kingdom Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). CLOUGH, P. (1998). Managing Inclusive Education. From Policy to Experience. London Sage. CSIE. (2008, April 30). About Inclusion. Retrieved December 15, 2008, from Centre For Studies On Inclusive Education http//inclusion. uwe. ac. uk /csie/csiefaqs. htm DCSF .(2008, July 02). Education, Training, Employment. Retrieved December 10, 2008, from Department for Children, Schools and Families. http//www. dcsf. gov. uk/14-19/index. cfm? go=home&sid=26 Every Child Matters (2008, July 02) Change for children Retrieved December 15, 2008, from Every Child Matters http//www. everychildmatters. gov. uk/ete/ FEFC. (1996). Inclusive FE Report of the Further Education Funding Council Learning Difficulties and/or Disabilities Committee CSIE Summary. Bristol Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE).GREEN, M.a. (1998). Initial Assessment To Identify Learning Needs. London Further Education Development Agency (FEDA). LEARNING AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY. (2002). Access For All. London DFES. MCGIVNEY, V. (2003). Working With Excluded Groups. Leicester National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. OPEN UNIVERSITY public press . (2006, December 30). Inclusive Teaching. Retrieved December 12, 2008, from Open University P ress http//www. open. ac. uk/inclusiveteaching SMITH, V. , & ARMSTRONG, A. (2005). Beyond Prejudice Inclusive Learning in Practice.London Learning and Skills Development Agency. TILSTONE, C. , FLORIAN, L. , & ROSE, R. (1998). Promoting Inclusive Practice. London Routledge Falmer. WELSH ASSEMBLY GOVERNMENT. (2008, September 29). Delivering Skills that Work for Wales A new approach to adult community learning. Consultation Document 057/2008 . Caerphilly Department for Children, Education, Lifelong Learning and Skills. What is SENDA 2001? (2007, January 22). Retrieved December 13, 2008, from Hobo http//www. hobo-web. co. uk/tips/12. htm.

Gay Marriage: Social Calamity or Long Overdue? Essay

AbstractThere is growing attention to the issue of marriage commensurateity for animated people in this country. As of the writing of this paper, 16 of the 50 states in the United States of America have legalized gay marriage, either by legislation or by popular vote (Wisniewski, 2013). The discourse regarding the issue becomes sort of contentious largely because of non-secular ideology that has demonized the concept of homosexuality for numerous long time. As a sociological issue, the conflict has become a divisive force for many, from semipolitical powers as far down to the family level. The constitution guarantees equal right hands for all in this country freedom of religion, speech, etc. yet appears to stall when equal rights for the gay community are involved. There has been significantly more popular reassert for the cause recently, but the stigma and prejudice celebrate to linger. Is this a moral debate or has an outdated ideology become so embraced by many that the b attle has only just begun?Are Rights Really Equal?When asked if one relys in equal rights for all citizens, the typical, rote response is a resounding Yes. If the question becomes more specific as to include the right for homosexuals to marry, a hesitation follows. The concept of gay marriage is far deeper a societal problem for most because its roots lie in prejudicial perspectives that have permeated us for years. Before the fight for the right to marry, the gay community has long endured simply the right to exist openly without feeling pariah- bid. The United States is not a theocracy, of this we are certain. However, there are many more ghostlyly affiliated citizens than not. The First Amendment gives us freedom of religion, which should also include freedom from religion. The truth of the matter meets somewhere in between the two, especially when US currency bears In idol We Trust boldly on its face.There are political leaders who continue to evoke the name of God in their s peeches, even thoughthe fact is that our founding fathers were mostly non-theists and the motto on our money did not initiate until 1958 or so. But people continue to view homosexuality as a sin, therefore gay marriage is not an option. This issue has created a divide in this country, much like most other civil rights have. When slavery was abolished, it took years to establish anti-segregation laws. Civil change takes time, historically, and gay marriage is no different. Protests continue either in support of or against gay marriage, at times becoming violent. Families become divided when a member openly announces his or her orientation and disapproval prevails, sometimes resulting in families disowning or ostracizing that offender from the family.Government has been forced to become involved, due to an outcry for the various rights that are bestowed upon a married member of this society. Rights to inheritance and to ain medical information and decision making are two examples of spousal rights. Monogamous homosexual couples are denied these rights, since without marriage, the rights fall to their closest relative. Functional Sociology and Gay unitingSociety has long viewed traditional marriage a fundamental and necessary building block. marriage ceremony is the institution by which our population is regenerated and offspring are interact then integrated as functioning members. Functional theorists might argue that if the paradigm is changed to include same sex couples, social decay may follow, as the family unit is unable to function if not in the traditional way. Single heighten households have been faulted with producing children that score lower in school than those from the traditional, two parent family, as well as have higher rates of unacceptable social behavior, such as drug abuse or teenage pregnancy. Functionalists believe children benefit from each gender parent in a different way, therefore require both to be whole. (Tischler, 2011)Conflict Theory and Gay MarriageConflict theory maintains that society functions when a more aright or accepted sector exerts its will and exceeds at the expense of less powerful or accepted portions. (Tischler, 2011). Since homosexuality has been regarded taboo by the majority for so long, heterosexuals have maintained their position of acceptance and normalcy in the US. Vocational positions,especially powerful ones such as political leaders, have historically been heterosexual. We have a President and a First Lady expected heterosexuality. For the stigma to be removed, traditionally expected and understood ways of life would drastically change. Would traditional, heterosexual marriage decay in the process? The Future of MarriageRegardless of sociological theory, religious belief, and cultural expectation, the movement towards acceptance of gay marriage is gaining momentum and losing the attached stigma. Gay marriage is legal in 16 states (Wisniewski, 2013), and gay couples right to borro wing has increased. Heterosexual divorce rates remain hovering at a 50% mark, and have been for many years prior to homosexual marriage. Society is resilient, proving itself over years of change. The ideal aspiration would be for both homosexual and heterosexual married couples to simply co-exist neither having any real influence over the others success or demise.ReferencesTischler, H.L. (2011) Introduction to Sociology. Retrieved from https//online.vitalsource.com//books/9781285396835/pages/55834839 Wisniewski, M (2013) Update 1-Illinois Governor Signs Same-Sex Marriage Into Law. Retrieved from http//www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/20/usa-gaymarriage-illinois-idUSL2N0J524N20131120.

Spinster – A Commentary

Spinster is a song which places the parade and dis recite of the seasons and how precisely this affects the fictional characters desperation to keep dominance. The title Spinster implies that the persona has a chosen a life with by men, which also implies that she wants full control over her life.Stanza one begins genuinely formally, During a ceremonious April walk/ With her latest suitor. Lexis such as ceremonious and suitor creates a very formal atmosphere, therefore creating more structure, which is also implied by the use of the word suitor, which suggests very little or no feeling towards him. The stanza continues to imply that the char can hardly stand disorder, intolerably struck/ By the birds irregular babel/ And the leaves litter. The poet uses alliteration and haughty alliteration to suggest that the woman can not handle disorder with words such as irregular and litter.Then, in stanza two, Plath stays detached from the poem, and the whole stanza implies disorder. O bserved suggests that the woman in the poem was watching from a distance, and therefore the writing is very detached and as if a step has been taken back in order to see things as a whole. Also, the whole stanza implies disorder with lexis such as unbalanced, uneven, wilderness and disarray, all of which suggest disarray and no order. Almost all of these words ar relating to nature, Through a rank wilderness of fern and flower/She judged petals in disarray The use of rank wilderness implies that the female persona believes that nature, shown by the fern and flower is dirty and scary because she does not whop anything abut it, as implied by wilderness. Moreover, the poet is again detached from the poem with use of judged, which sounds like she is not involved with what is going on. The whole of this stanza is based around nature, which the persona (and therefore poet) clearly dislike as a consequence of the disorder and that it can not be predicted.In contrast, stanza three is full of lexis based upon order, which is suggested by Scrupulously, order, white and black, ice and rock and discipline. This language is very perfected, and also separated out into clear and completely different groups, as shown in black and white. The stanza begins with telling the reader what this stanza is about, namely, winter. How she longed for winter then The use of longed for suggests that the persona is desperate for winter, which is implied in the onomatopoeic quality of longed for, and this also suggests that winter is a very long time away. Moreover, the generator uses words such as austere to explain winter, which suggests that winter is more simple an there is little to it and it, is therefore not confusing.Also, the writer suggests that the persona has complete control over her, hearts frosty discipline. This implies that the persona even has complete control over her feelings, but the only way to keep this control is by having none, implied by frosty, which suggests t hat the persona is cold emotionally, or that she has no feelings. However, in her attempt not to be emotional, negative feelings are created about emotion, which completely defeats her objective.Stanza four is similar to stanza two, as a lexis implying disorder is used such as unruly and vulgar motley. As soon as the stanza begins, there is a hint of regret with provided here and this implies that what is coming in this stanza, the persona regrets a lot. The line is finished with the word burgeoning, which implies blossoming and growth. This suggests that because growth is uncontrollable, the persona regrets it because is mean that she would have no control. The poem goes on to say, Unruly enough to pitch her five queenly wits/ into vulgar motley. The use of five queenly wits implies that the persona believes herself to be above all of the disorder and disarray in spring, and that she is therefore superior. Also, the use of vulgar motley implies that spring is common and repulsive , but the persona is scared of this because she does not know often about it.Generally, the whole of the two lines implies that spring forces the persona to feel, which is not something she wants to do, implied in stanza three with hearts frosty discipline. Then, the writer implies that people who like spring are idiots with, permit idiots/ Reel giddy in bedlam spring. This is very derogatory because it implies that all people who like spring are idiots, and the use of reel suggests that disorder again. The stanza ends with a juxtapose line to the rest of the stanza, She withdrew neatly. This gives a queenly imagery which emphasised her control as the persona regains her composure after suggesting that spring makes her loose it.The final stanza is the rootage to disorder, in which the persona implies that she can not handle relationships, or feelings, and therefore her only solution is the title, Spinster. This is suggested through out the stanza, but starts on the second line, hindrance of barb and check. The barricade is to stop the progression of emotion, and the writer sues monosyllabic words in order to force her point across, such as barb and check, some(prenominal) of which also have a very hard sound to them. This forceful comment suggests that the persona wants savor, but has built a barricade around her in order to not let anyone in. The stanza finishes with Or love, either, which implies that the barricade she has created will not ever let love in, but because it is an afterthought, it also makes love sound insignificant.The structure of the poem is very ordered, as it stops regularly at the end of each(prenominal) stanza, the lines are regular lengths and the words are in similar patterns throughout each stanza. It is clear that the attempt to maintain order shown in the words of the poem is also shown by the structure as the persona is desperate for control and regulation.Overall, the poem is very detached and sounds almost factual due to t he lack of emotion throughout. Also, the poem has a feminist undertone, in which the persona swears to keep men out of her life by being a spinster. Moreover, the poem is very juxtapoic with the cross between order and disorder throughout. However, the whole poem suggests that deep down the poet wants love it is just that they are too scared to find it.

The Addie Model – Instructional Design and Example Lesson Plan

The ADDIE model is a generic process that is usually used by nurtureal designers and training developers. It offers instructional designers with a definite structure that ensures efficient instructional products. ADDIE stands for its five patterns Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.These five phases are representations of a flexible and dynamic guideline for establishing effective training and reward tools for performance. Each phase is represented by as a project output and a isthmus of activities. More so, severally phase ends in a review, which forms a go or a no-go point to determine whether to proceed to the neighboring phase or not.During the Analysis phase, the instructional enigma is define and the instructional goals are established. More so, this is the phase where the learners present skills and knowledge and the learning environment is identified. Some of the outputs and activities to be considered in the Analysis phase are as follows Clarify instructional problem and instructional objectives Determine the audience and their characteristics Identify the existing types of learning constraints Identify the new behavioral final result Determine the delivery options Determine the timeline to complete the projectIn the Design phase, the complete design of the learning solution is determined. This phase addresses the training methods (administered online or detailed storyboards with training program and course content illustrations).The Design phase considers the sound judgement tools, lesson innovationning, learning objectives, content, subject matter, media selection, and exercises. Therefore, this phase entails a systematic and specific approach. The following procedures are utilized in the Design phase Documentation of a projects instructional, technical, and visual design strategy screening of instructional strategies based on the intended behavioral impressions by domain (affective, cognitive, and psychomoto r) Designing the use interface and experience Prototyping the creative activity Application of visual or graphic designThe Development Phase of the ADDIE model involves the creation and assembly of the content assets, which were blueprinted in the Design phase. Instructional designers and developers create storyboards, write the contents, and design the graphics in this phase. The following activities are conducted during the Development phase Acquisition and/or creation of required media Determining happy interactions through creativity, innovation, and exploration Planning of activities that allows the construction of a supportive social environmentThe Implementation Phase involves the festering of a training procedure for both learners and facilitators. The training of facilitators should encompass the course content, learning outcomes, delivery methodologies, and procedures for testing. On the other hand, learners should be trained on using new tools, which will be used in t he learning process. The Implementation phase usually involves only two activities execute and maintain the learning solution.The fit phase in the ADDIE model, which is the Evaluation phase, consists of two parts, the Formative and Summative valuation. The Formative evaluation is present end-to-end the entire ADDIE process while the Summative evaluation involves tests that are designed for criterion-related referenced items. The Summative evaluation provides opportunities for feedback from learners.The ADDIE Model is a repetitive instructional design process in which the outcomes of the formative evaluation of each phase may prompt an instructional designer to go back to any previous phase. The outcome of one phase determines the starting product of the next phase.ADDIE Model and Instructional PlanningInstructional Planning asserts that instruction should be data driven. It is assumes that both learners and teachers should gain access to the expected results of a course. The purp ose of Instructional Planning is to endorse quality and aid in the enhancement and improvement of a course.Since an instructional plan presents individual instruction from teaching to learning, this is where the ADDIE model comes in the ADDIE model provides a definite structure of the instructional plan.As the instructional plan serves as a communication tool between learners and teachers, the ADDIE model provides a feel by step process of the instructional plan. Each step in the instructional plan consists of outcomes from the ADDIE model that feed the next step in a specific sequence.

Sample Test

Jill has called on Marcias Cosmetics for several years. She has always been friendly to Marcia but treated the other staff with indifference. When Marcia retired, Jill bemused the account for what linchpin reason(s)? a. It was time for a new sales representative. b. No sensation knew her. c. No one was educated about her products. d. Jills communication style was different from the new emptors. e. Jill failed to develop good personal relationships with depict sight. 2. Kenny plant for a firm exchange modern log homes and frequently conducts an open house at the site of a newly completed home.Kenny does this in order to a. choose the right setting. b. save trigger time. c. cover one idea. d. appeal to all senses. e. plan for the dynamic nature of selling. 3. Most Yes responses come on the ________ closing attempts. a. 2nd or 3rd b. 8th or 9th c. 1st or 2nd d. fourthor5th e. 6th or 7th 4. Which one of the following sources would be best if you were considering exportation to an international country and needed foreign country and market information? a. Canadian Trade top executive b. Canadian Foreign Investment Guide c. Frasers Canadian Trade Directory d. Department of Industry, Trade, and Technology e. Export suppuration Corporation 5. Ivana has been hired by the Zenith Company as a professional buyer because of her many duologue tactics. When she says, We like your proposal, but our budget is only $7 500, this is an example of a a. a challenge tactic. b. take for it or leave it tactic. c. a direct tactic. d. budget bound tactic. e. lets split the difference tactic. 6. Tara is development a presentation strategy. She includes establishing objectives for the sales presentation, providing outstanding customer service, and a. preplanning activities. b. overhead design procedures. c. developing the presale presentation plan. d. enquiring about referrals. e. developing a prospect base. 7. If a salesperson were attempting to involve the customer in a presentation for a diamond ring, s/he might a. ask if there are any more questions. b. get along the customer to try it on. c. explain the stores installment plan of payment for the item. d. lay the ring on smutty velvet to enhance its brilliance. e. inform the customer of the gems clarity. 8. Patrick Jones is a skilled networker because he meets as many people as he can, tells them what he does, and a. likes to network. b. asks everyone he meets for a referral. c. does business while he networks. d. pays for all diversion costs. e. doesnotdo business while networking. 9. The most widely used method for negotiating buyer concerns is the a. col novelral denial. b. direct denial. c. trial offer. d. spin method. e. superior benefit. 10. Miguel has had three estimates on a home alarm administration and the prices are all very close.The last sales representative has indicated if Miguel procures the alarm now he bequeath receive a 10% discount. The type of close used is a. a summary benefits close. b. a late close. c. an assumption close. d. a special concession close. e. a minor point close 11. Thomas works in the area of customer service. His duties include a. closing sales. b. to encourage customers to spend more money. c. to enhance the bureau of the product. d. to prevent customers from buying competitors products. e. to work one on one with clients. 12. Another name for full-line selling is a. tip selling. b. partnering. c. cross-selling. d. upselling. e. value-added selling. 13. Emma grapples that a potential customer has four basic qualifications 1) they need the product, 2) they are able to afford the purchase 3) they are forgeting to buy the product, and 4) a. they will refer others to buy the product. b. they will use the product. c. they will bring back for other products. d. they are part of a buying centre. e. they are authorized to buy the product. 14. Heather has change her problem solving capabilities over her ten-year sales career.This capability translates into a. lower closing rates. b. having more happy customers. c. selling more expensive products. d. longer sales cycles. e. more referrals. 15. How has the high turnover in your company touch the morale of your employees, is an example of a a. confirmation question. b. pleasure question. c. probing question. d. general check up on question. e. specific survey question. 16. The length of time devoted to the social contact depends on a. whether or not you like the buyer. b. whetherthe buyer is serious about buying. c. whether you are feeling sales call reluctance. d. whether conversion has happened. e. the type of product or service sold. 17. Jason is a photocopier sales rep. He likes to compare the speed of the copier to a Concord aircraft. Jasons design is to make th e presentation more a. interesting. b. witty. c. memorable. d. persuasive. e. informative 18. The price-cost comparison is most appropriate for a. inexpensive purchases. b. inferior fiber products. c. transactional buying situations. d. products with short usage or service life. e. products with long usage or service life. 19. look studies indicate that the referral approach is effective because a. customers know that the viewpoint of a third political party is always accurate. b. customers seldom trust a salesperson, but do trust a third party. c. customers will be utmost more impressed with your good points if they are presented by a third party rather than by you. d. customers always respect the opinions of a third party. e. customers dont want to take the time to really get to know sales reps. 20. Simon uses confirmation questions questions used to determine if information is correctly understood a. hardly ever. b. throughout a sales c all. c. at the end of a sales call. d. at the beginning of a sales call. e. in the middle of a sales call. Test Name T2 Example F2012 1. e. Jill failed to develop good personal relationships with key people. 2. a. choose the right setting. 3. d. 4thor5th 4. e. Export Development Corporation 5. d. budget limitation tactic. 6. c. developing the presale presentation plan. 7. b. encourage the customer to try it on. 8. e. doesnotdo business while networking. 9. a. validatory denial. 10. d. a special concession close. 11. c. to enhance the role of the product. 12. a. suggestion selling. 13. e. they are authorized to buy the product. 14. e. more referrals. 15. c. probing question. 16. e. the type of product or service sold. 17. d. persuasive. 18. e. products with long usage or service life. 19. c. customers will be far more impressed with your good points if they are presented by a third party rather than by you. 20. b. throughout a sales call.