Vancouver Division Is The Centralized Manufacturing Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2128 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Hewlett-Packards Vancouver division is facing a challenge with their inventory management. The sales of the Deskjet printers have grown steadily and so has the inventory level. The Vancouver division is the centralized manufacturing division that also takes care of the localization of the products and ships off the final products to three of distribution centres located globally. Printer market is a highly competitive market and hence being able to meet customer demands is crucial to maintain position in the market. Key Issues Issue 1: To satisfy customer needs in terms of product availability while maintaining minimum inventory. Currently their distribution centres were piling up inventory of the much demanded Deskjet printers. However, the European distribution centre was claiming that inventory levels needed to be increased in order to make products available to customers satisfactorily. There was an imbalance between demand and availability of products. There were often shortages for models of some countries while there was a pile up of inventory of models of other countries. This low availability could lead to high waiting time. The products went through localization, i.e. customizing to cater to local markets, in the Vancouver manufacturing plant itself. There is a delivery lead time of 4-5 weeks from their centralized manufacturing unit in Vancouver, Washington to the European and Asian distribution centres. The long replenishment lead time can also throw off the forecasts. By the time, the products rea ch the market, anticipated demand pattern could alter. Also the long lead time takes away the DCs ability to response quickly to the fluctuating demands of different versions of the product is limited. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vancouver Division Is The Centralized Manufacturing Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Issue 2: To get agreement and consensus among different functions involved regarding the appropriate amount of inventory level that should be maintained. Every function has their own agenda to fulfill and their goals are conflicting. E.g. Production department claims that dealing with the inventory would be a Materials department issue. It is important to make all the functions realize that they are all working for the common goal of the profitability of the organization and issues in the inventory level could affect the profitability of the organization and that in turn could affect each of these functions. Currently there is no consistent method in effect and there is no consensus among the members of different functions regarding setting the appropriate inventory level. There is further discrepancy between how sales force in Europe see the inventory situation versus how distribution centre or warehouse sees the inventory level situation. Marketing wants 98% service level and product a vailability while distribution wants minimum inventory. The issue is to find a balance amongst these expectations. Issue 3: Sources of uncertainties that could affect the supply chain are an issue given the manufacturing is centralized and even localization happens at the same plant. There is already a long lead time. If there are issues in the supply chain that that will further extend the lead time, thereby affecting the product availability. Vancouver prided in being an almost stockless factory and practiced just-in time production and hence reliability of supplies is crucial. The main sources of uncertainty were regarding the delivery of incoming materials, the internal processes (including downtime and process yields) and demand factor. These could increase lead time in manufacturing thereby delaying in the replenishment. The uncertainty with demand could lead to ineffective forecasts, backorders or inventory pile ups at the DCs. These uncertainties further press for a more efficient supply chain process or a better calculated safety stock level that can allow to buffer for any sort of uncertain ties without increasing lead time. Analysis HPs target service level is 98%, i.e. they want products to be available to customers when demanded. Currently HP controls the printer market in USA. However, they face a stronger competition in Europe and Asia and are not yet the market leader in those continents. Therefore, to gain that competitive success, efficient service is crucial and for that product availability is key. Despite Vancouver shipping large amount of products to the European DC, they still receive complaints from sales that they have shortages of product availability. At the same time they get complaints from the warehouse that there is no space to stock up the amount of goods sent. This discrepancy happens due to the fact that there is inefficient forecasting which leads to the warehouse ending up with excessive unproductive assets, i.e. localized product of country perhaps for which demand is not as high and shortage in supply of another product for which there is demand. Their lean manufacturing process is placing the burden of inventory management on the distribution centres as they do have the freedom to respond to the different customer needs and have to depend on Vancouver to send the completed products. It is important to find a safety stock amount that would be responsive to the demand uncertainties and take into consideration the lead times for replenishment. In the past the target level was based on taking into consideration an arbitrary amount of safety stock and that has to be altered. Air transportation could reduce lead time. However, it is an expensive option. Nevertheless, it is important to look into reducing lead time. If the lead time could be reduced then it would not be necessary for the DCs to maintain a high level of inventory. They would be more responsive and would not require a significant safety stock to act as a buffer and ensure availability of products to clients. The re-order level could be reduced thereby bringing down holding costs. Appendix-1 highlights the required level of safety stock given the lead time. A service level of 95% has been considered. This means that during the lead time, the DCs should be able to meet the demands of the clients at least 95% of the time. The safety stock should be thus maintained taking this into consideration. Inventory carrying cost ranges from 12% 60% and is a wide range which can make it difficult to calculate an effective and realistic economic order quantity and even to allocate the costs of the inventory. HP needs to improve forecasting and communication as well between departments, and DCs and Vancouver facility. They could reduce the models they offer and standardize and make a universal product but then that would not satisfy the consumers and hence might affect profitability given this is such a competitive market. Alternatives Alternative #1 Set up a manufacturing plant in a location somewhere in between Europe and Asia to support the growing demand of the European market. This will significantly reduce lead time and also delivery/transportation cost of the finished products to the distribution centres. Freight cost is a major cos. If need be, they could then also look into utilizing faster modes of transportation like air shipment as the costs would comparatively be lower due to reduced travel distance. This could also allow them to locally procure materials required for the localization of the basic model as per country needs. This can make supplies of these materials more convenient and cheaper, reducing the uncertainty of delivery delays. The concern to this alternative is whether there is enough demand in these markets or not to sustain the cost of a full new manufacturing plant. This will also alter the centralized manufacturing process that has current potential to enjoy economies of scale because of the larg e volume of production. Alternative #2 HP could implement product postponement (Appendix -3). The products undergo localization in Vancouver, to meet the needs of the local market/countries within Europe. They are thereby customized. HP could do assembly postponement and this way they could concentrate and focus on other areas and distribute resources more efficiently without inappropriate inventory buildup. The generic design could be completed and then the products would get shipped to the European and Asian DC and later assembled-to-order. The power supply, cords, manuals and other localization tasks could be completed in the respective DCs when there is a demand pull, i.e. order. This can help meet the customer demands while not having to increase inventory significantly. It will also prevent having in stock excess inventory of one localized product and lack of inventory of another as the DCs will be storing standardized inventory. This will enable HP to take advantage of market-oriented supply chain management stra tegies. This way they do not also have to forecast too much in advance, which has a potential of ineffective forecast. This would mean having a smaller plant in Europe or an extension to the warehouses to carry out the final assembling before sending it out to the customers. Alternative #3 Calculate the safety stock (As shown in Appendix 1) based on the demand pattern for each of the products and take into consideration the lead time and accordingly pull for products. Whenever, inventory for a product reaches a certain level, they should manufacture and ship out more. For example, when product A reaches 143 units, they should ship manufacture and ship more of As for the European DC. These leftover 143 amounts will serve as to meet the demand for the product while the new ones are on their way and they are in the lead time. This will ensure the products availability during the lead time while keeping inventory low in the warehouse. This may increase shipment amount if they were to send out each product based on its order quantity and in effect the order costs. There is a diverse range of products as they are all localized in Vancouver. Recommendation and Justification Alternative 2 is recommended given this scenario. HP should implement the postponement strategy and produce standardize DeskJet printers in the Vancouver location and ship them out to the different DCs, who can then assemble to localize their products before selling to the end customer. The assembling required to localize should be fairly simple so that the new assembling units in the DCs do not required significantly trained employees. For that they may need to tweak the design of the standardized printer at the Vancouver location. They should look to implement those changes to the basic design. They could also package these standardized products in bulk and in a more manner as the final packaging and sorting will take place after the localization in the respective DCs. This way they could reduce on space required for shipment and hence ship more for the same costs. If it is standardized then they need to keep a safety stock of 15,407 units (Appendix 2). However, if they want t o keep safety stock of each individual localized product in the European dc then the amount of deskjet printer needed in safety stock sums up to 22,159 units. This shows that by shipping standardized products to the European Dc they will be able to increase their availability as well as keep their inventory to the minimum level. There will be some initial investments required to set up the assembling unit at the DCs. This way they could try to please all the departments by responding to their concerns. Distribution does not need to store unnecessary items that are not in demand and marketing can have products available as per customer needs. There will be more flexibility to meet customer needs. They do not have to succumb to the uncertainties of supplies that significantly. HP can thus take advantage of market-oriented supply chain management strategies. The supplies needed for the localized customization will be cheaper and more available in the local area. They can localize as per the local demands directly close to the market and not have to undergo significant lead time.They definitely need to maintain a safety stock that is calculated by a more reliable method as shown in the Appendix 1. This will also reduce lead time significantly. Their measures of line item fill rate and order fill rate will improve as well given they can serve customers more aptly. Backorder can be prevented by assembling at the DCs as they are more responsive now and do not have to wait through the long lead times. Over the long term, they could look into implementing an ERP system that could enhance communication among different departments more cohesive as they will have access to centralized information and could understand each others perspective better. Conclusion HP needs to look into their process of localizing all products in their centralized manufacturing plant and then sending it out to the DCs. They need to delegate the task of localization to the DCs thereby preventing wastage and reducing lead time and keeping inventory to a minimum while increasing responsiveness and availability of the products. APPENDIX 1 See attached Excel Sheet APPENDIX 2 Â Units Total Safety Stock with multiple products (current Vancouver Localization) 22,159 Total Safety Stock with standardized products (postponement strategy) 15,407 APPENDIX 3 Currently: Postponement Strategy:

Essay on Rhetorical Analysis of a Modest Proposal by...

Johnathan Swift wrote Modest Proposal with the idea to better humanity.. When you first read it you miss what the true message is. You think â€Å"Man this guy is a monster!† or â€Å"He’s sick!†, but once you reach the end the true meaning of the proposal hits you. When Jonathan Swift wrote a Modest Proposal he tried to get his audience to see the problem by taking it and providing an unethical and inhumane solution then using rhetorical devices to bring out people’s emotions. Of the many devices he used the one that brought out my emotions and that stuck out the most was his constant metaphor of comparing or â€Å"labeling† children as stock or the bodies as carcasses. He does this on multiple occasions throughout this proposal. On one occasion he†¦show more content†¦He then goes on to say that his solution to this problem â€Å"†¦will prevent those voluntary abortions, and that horrid practice of women murdering their bastard chil dren, alas! Too frequent among us! 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Study Questions 4 Free Essays

Lesson 1 (3. 0 points) 1. What is credit? (0. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Questions 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 points) The ability to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future: â€Å"unlimited credit†. | | | 2. What is a credit score? (0. 5 points) Your credit score is a three-digit number generated by a mathematical algorithm using information in your credit report 3. What is installment credit? (0. 5 points) a loan repaid with interest in equal periodic payments. 4. What is revolving credit? (0. 5 points) Credit that is automatically renewed as debts are paid off. . What is noninstallment credit? (0. 5 points) Non-installment credit refer to a system of credit that is payable in one lump-sum amount by a specified date 6. Name at least one section of a credit report. (0. 5 points) lenders Lesson 2 (3. 0 points) 1. Name at least one of the steps in establishing credit. (0. 5 points) Incorporate your business. 2. Name at least one alternate option to establishing credit if you are unable to get a credit card yet. (0. 5 points) Get a secured credit card. 3. What is debt services default? 0. 5 points) When an individual, company or sovereign nation borrows money, there are usually legal obligations that have been set out in a debt contract 4. What is the Better Business Bureau? (0. 5 points) A Better Business Bureau (BBB) is a private, nonprofit organization that provides services and programs to assist consumers and businesses 5. What is a debt settlement program? (0. 5 points) is an approach to debt reduction in which the debtor and creditor agree on a reduced balance that will be regarded as payment in full. 1] 6. What is bankruptcy? (0. 5 points) The state of being bankrupt: â€Å"many companies were facing bankruptcy†; â€Å"bankruptcy proceedings†. Lesson 3 (3. 0 points) 1. What is an annual percentage rate? (0. 5 points) the rate, for a payment period, multiplied by the number of payment periods in a year. 2. What is an annual percentage yield? (0. 5 points) The effective annual rate o f return taking into account the effect of compounding interest. APY is calculated by 3. Name at least one advantage of credit cards. 0. 5 points) Offer free use of funds, provided you always pay your balance in full, on time 4. Name at least one disadvantage of credit cards. (0. 5 points) Cost much more than other forms of credit, such as a line of credit or a personal loan, if you don’t pay on time. 5. If you take out a $1,000 loan for college at 7% interest, what is the principal? (0. 5 points) $1000 6. What is a loan? (0. 5 points) A thing that is borrowed, esp. a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest. How to cite Study Questions 4, Essay examples

Hamlet Essay Corruption Example For Students

Hamlet Essay Corruption The Member Of The Wedding and The Catcher The Rye are both similar novels in the way adolescents want to belong to a group of people but there is one major difference. Frankie is looking to grow up so that she can fit in with the people around her while Holden wants to avoid adulthood completely as he sees the adult world as being false and corruptible. In Member Of The Wedding Frankie feels like she doesnt fit in to a childs world. This is due to a number of reasons. She wishes now to belong to a more adult society. Frankie feels alienated from the rest of her friends. When they play underneath the arbour Frankie doesnt fit because she is too tall. She resents this and sees her friends as ugly screaming kids. Frankie attempts to befriend the older girls but they say she smells and when they talk about sex Frankie doesnt understand referring to this as nasty lies. Here we see Frankie excluded from the adult world that she desires to belong to. Frankie also feels excluded from her family. Her father wont allow her to sleep in the same bed as him anymore. He says that she is too big now. He is rarely at home and when he is he hardly speaks to Frankie. She attempts to converse with him but he just grunts at her. Eventually when he does talk to her he doesnt say much. After the wedding he shows a lack of understanding towards his daughter. She needs him but he tells her to wait until they are at home because then he will punish her for her behaviour. Berenice is the mother figure in her life but she returns to her own home and family in the evening. She feels excluded from Jarvis and Janice too because when they arrive home for a few days they invite Frankies father but not her. She feels this isnt very fair as she is also part of the family. This heightens Frankies isolation and also heightens her desire to belong to a group. Frankie wants to belong to the navy and then decides to give blood to the Red Cross. She is refused on both accounts because she is too young. She thinks the freaks and criminals are trying to make eye contact with her so she can join their group but Frankie does not want that. These are images of isolation. She also tries to form a group with the soldier. We know she is not ready for adulthood as she is not mature enough when she says that he was talking double talk. Frankie decides to join the wedding group with Jarvis and Janice. She even changes her name to F.Jasmine to make it similar to their names. She now starts to feel a connection with humanity. The feelings of alienation melt away but return after the wedding. She quickly realises that she is not a member of anything and feels crushed. We see that the adult world excludes Frankie time and time again. The final straw is after the wedding. She realises that she was being foolish and develops a degree of insensitivity. She now has a new friend Mary. They have many interests in common such as poetry and art. She now forms her own club and learns to exclude people like Bernice and feels like she is beginning to belong. If this degree of insensitivity is developed further Frankie will have no problems joining adulthoodIn the novel The Catcher In The Rye Holden Caulfield has the desire to belong to childhood. He sees the adults in this world as phony and therefore does not want to turn in to one. Holden has many options to deal with this problem. .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .postImageUrl , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:hover , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:visited , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:active { border:0!important; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:active , .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095 .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueebf320f799ba2597beec83a57602095:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice And Men-Rough Draft EssayOne option would be for him to give in and step in to adulthood and live the life of a phony. He doesnt really see himself doing this however as it would be going against what he believed in. Another option for him would be to become an adult and devise some career to be a catcher in the rye. He could also reject the world completely and become a monk. He dismisses this idea, as he does not look on religion too favourably. Death and suicide is his main option. It hovers over him all the time. If he were to die he would never become an adult and therefore stay as an eternal child. This is what happened to his brother Allie, who died from leu kemia. He has been freeze framed forever. He will always be a child because death prevented him from falling over the cliff to adulthood. At Elkton Hills, Holdens old school James Castle took the option of suicide when he threw himself out of a window after a boy had fought with him. Holden was close to committing suicide himself to get away from it all after his confrontation with Maurice but decided against it because of all the people that would be watching him and all the commotion it would cause. I didnt want a bunch of rubbernecks looking at me when I was all glory. The main reason Holden does not want to have sex is because losing his virginity will have meant that he has left his childhood and moved in to adulthood. This is the reason why he is so upset after Stradlater told him that he made time with Jane Gallagher. If this is true then he has not just lost Jane to Stradlater but to adulthood. It is no surprise that the people Holden likes are the children mentioned in the novel. He has a great admiration for Allie and also mentions his fondness of James Castle whom he hardly knew. This is because they will always be children, as they never made it to adulthood. Holden is also extremely fond of his sister Phoebe. When Holden sees her sleeping he remarks that she like all children look all right sleeping while adults look lousy when theyre asleep. Apart from Phoebe Jane is the only living person he had a good relationship with but he is afraid to get in contact with her now, as their relationship cannot be from one child to another anymore. De spite not making the leap in to adulthood himself, he is afraid that she has after her relationship with Stradlater. Of the adults, Holden looked on Mr. Antillini as one of the better ones. Mr. Antillini is friendly and understanding in relation to his views and gives him good advice. He becomes a role model and gives belief to Holden that there is goodness in the adult world. However this hope is all spoiled when Holden is woken with Mr. Antillini rubbing him on his head. Holden believes that he was trying to exploit him. In his eyes the man he believed to be the catcher in the rye turns out to be a phony like every other adult. There are many symbols and metaphors in the novel, which Holden relates to childhood. He sees that he is changing and compares that to the museum that has stayed the same over the years. He wants things to be eternally fixed, like the statues of Indians and Eskimos in the museum. The pond is a metaphor of where Holden is in his life. It is partly frozen and partly not frozen, like Holden who is in a transitional stage. He is not a child anymore but is not quite an adult either. .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .postImageUrl , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:hover , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:visited , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:active { border:0!important; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:active , .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa190a3cd0d170bc1a951e3e846f8c7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pans Labyrinth Character Notes, Captain Vidal. EssayHolden is convinced that somewhere in society there is some good. He has hope that good kids can grow up and become good adults too. It is this search for goodness and incorruption, which makes the novel. He looks for a role model to become a catcher in the rye before children fall over the cliff in to crazy adulthood but needs somebody to catch him first. The novel ends sadly with Holden having a nervous breakdown as he fails to find any goodness in the world and is unable to take that step in to adulthood. Both Holden and Frankie achieve their desire to belong with varying success. Frankie seems like she is beginning to belong to a more adult world as she is maturing and will eventually make the step to adulthood. Holdens task differs in that he is trying to avoid the inevitability of adulthood which we must all face up to. Words/ Pages : 1,468 / 24