The Art of Consumer

Presentation Are shopper bits of knowledge so subtle? This is an inquiry that requires an expansive answer. Customer bits of knowledge turned into a pattern in 1992 when Lisa Fortini-Campbell presented the term in her book Hitting the Sweet Spot.1Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Art of Consumer-Insights Marketing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More And now with PCs and the Internet, Information Technology and globalization, purchaser experiences might be a thing to deal with. It has gotten entangled be that as it may and should be pulled together to address the issues and needs of buyers. In this paper, we will recognize what purchaser understanding methods, both in particular and plural structures. There are varieties to their implications and utilization. In basic terms shopper knowledge alludes to purchaser center, customer needs and needs and fulfillment, all shaped into one. The fundamental subjects of statistical surveying are diver ted to this point. Today’s advertisers have the world as their commercial center. It is a greater spot to present and offer items yet in addition a more extensive spot to investigate and manage. Previously, advertisers could just concentration with buyer bits of knowledge of a specific spot and network, presently they have the ‘global village’ to manage. It was in 1992 when advertising should be possible through balanced methodology. Yet, presently with the prominence of the Internet and the data upheaval, â€Å"mass customization† is turning into a pattern. An inquiry that consistently appears to wait in the marketer’s mind is: What do purchasers think and need? This inquiry can't be routed to one gathering of customers however to the world, the worldwide town. Worldwide associations, or organizations, consider increasingly suitable terms and procedures in this new, energizing (?) or testing commercial center. There is more than one approach to sla ughter a feline, and advertisers must be adaptable and innovative in conveying to the outside world. This is the â€Å"exciting† universe of business in the twenty-first century.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Insights and Theories Insight can be simply one more term for statistical surveying. In any case, it can likewise mean numerous things on account of the huge data and information accessible for associations and organizations today. Today’s advertisers need to pull together and find better approaches for gathering and examining showcasing insight as a result of the new powers and patterns in globalization. Data is the key; there are immense measures of data about purchasers out there that must be gathered and broke down. This new influx of data needs more extensive and innovative ‘geniuses’ to show up at new bits of knowledge for the consumers’ needs and needs to be met. Besides, a virtuoso isn't vital. What is required is â€Å"insight† and a cautious investigation of the tremendous data procured from the writing and from the field gathered by salesmen. Globalization has upset numerous parts of promoting. Associations need to receive and present measures and changes in promoting systems. This incorporates item direction, worker the board, and other authoritative strategies.2 Organizations need to pull together and obtain more information since information is a very ‘important asset’3. Information is significant in shopper understanding. Associations share information with one another, however there are obstructions in this movement. One model is the purported inward tenacity. Hindrances hinder the exchange of information from individuals to individuals or division to office inside associations. Experience of associations demonstrated that it is difficult to move information or bes t practice. This is named inner stickiness.4 Cultural assorted variety has likewise become a pattern. Adjustment and normalization are likewise added to item enhancement. There is an interest for neighborhood items yet clients additionally need worldwide ones, or imported items. Advertisers adjust neighborhood items to change in accordance with social differences.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Art of Consumer-Insights Marketing explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Meeting the customer’s needs and needs is a business pattern in the period of serious globalization. Advertisers focus on client center and devotion. Associations focus on client devotion while keeping cost of creation low. This is multi-reason yet hard to accomplish; troublesome in light of the fact that gathering the customer’s needs and needs simultaneously limiting expense of creation don't guarantee quality item or administration. Consumer loyalty is a signi ficant vital piece of promoting. Items and administrations are equipped towards client center, and consumer loyalty is an objective in a worth included flexibly chain. So as to address the issue of client faithfulness, firms apply item and administration developments. This is likewise the primary goal of market direction †consumer loyalty through unrivaled execution of items and administrations. Client relationship promoting (CRM) makes an incentive for the customer5. Kotler et al. remembers an incentive for the meaning of showcasing, which is â€Å"the connection between what is paid and what is gotten, and can be expanded or decreased by advertising activities.†6 Marketing includes a ton of issues, including a database of data, information and information. There is the subject of the showcasing blend that likewise requires more data about buyers. The showcasing idea takes a gander at the profundity of selling which is scanning for approaches to fulfill the necessities and needs of the client. Associations need to discover what will fulfill clients, at that point, make fulfilling items. The advertiser must keep on applying advancements. This is the thing that they call nonstop improvement in the company’s product.7 There is another pattern in advertising and that is, guaranteeing that the client aches and needs for a ‘remake’ of the item; as it were, the procedure is to focus on the customer’s returning to need for additional. In any case, consumer loyalty doesn't really mean reliability with respect to the client. Numerous creators recommend that having nonstop correspondence with the client is one stage to loyalty.8Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Clients must be solicited to rate the significance from specific properties and execution levels of the item/s. They must be gotten some information about their ability to repurchase and to suggest the items that they had purchased. These means can lead us to the idea of client faithfulness. Purchaser Experience Marketing research on experience centers around what the client needs. Advantages are as fulfillment and client experience of the item. Customer conduct for instance has three perspectives which are: production of data, social idea hypothesis, and purchaser disposition hypothesis. These ideas give purchaser knowledge on customer experience.9 in light of the complexities of the time, i.e., the current weight of globalization, advertisers have reformatted the manner in which they gather and use showcase insight. Advertisers need more data and are rethinking objectives to suit to the current pattern of extraordinary globalization. In an examination by Morash and Lynch, they foun d that client closeness is one of the prerequisites for client center and faithfulness. It is significant popular arranged capacities and execution. Client closeness is related with responsiveness to clients and customization. Gracefully chains can likewise be focused on customization. It is a technique that consolidates operational greatness with client closeness.10 Flexibility is another significant factor in having client closeness. Adaptability alludes to having the option to change and respond to client requests, or demands. An adaptable association responds to fast changes in the item blend. Adaptability has other ‘flexible’ meanings, for example, budgetary execution. There are numerous inquiries that administrators and advertisers should reply about the client when searching for client center and devotion. An investigation ought to be made on how clients carry on, how they respond to the item, and how they experience the item. A few inquiries that should be repli ed by the advertiser are: Why do clients need and like this item? What draws in clients to my item? How do clients get the data promoting and advertisements? When is the fitting opportunity to persuade them to purchase the items? A significant procedure being applied by worldwide firms in addressing the necessities and needs of clients is acquainting a methodology with flexibly chain that centers around the client. Knowing the customers’ needs have become an establishment for which an organization is established. An organization must market orientated, and for this, various changes need to occur in the association, for instance practices and perspectives. The promoting idea has developed throughout the long stretches of business and globalization. In the investigation of purchaser bits of knowledge, we allude to social sciences that disclose to us progressively about purchaser conduct. In any case, it is more than that. Information, data, innovation, these are a portion of th e huge measure of assets had to know buyer bits of knowledge and purchaser conduct. A client can be characterized in various manners. A carrier organization can take a gander at it in an alternate edge. In any case, for a pharmaceutical organization, a client can be a doctor or the patients in the emergency clinic. Associations, with their advertisers and sales reps, need to oversee and incorporate their activities to various types of clients. Assembling every one of those data can be arduous and requires a ton of time and assets. Be that as it may, developments and projects of exercises must be engaged along thi

The Hobbit Summary Chapters 6-10 free essay sample

Section 6 Fleeing from the trolls, Bilbo thinks back and understands that he has made it to the opposite side of the Misty Mountains. Strolling along, he unearths Gandalf and the dwarves, who have recently been pondering whether they should leave without him. The hobbit sneaks off the ring and astonishments them and afterward clarifies how he advanced out of the mountain. Be that as it may, he ceases from referencing his revelation of the enchantment ring and the job it played in his departure from Gollum and the trolls. Gandalf entreats the organization to get going again since just the daylight is shielding the trolls from coming after them. Night comes as they go through a woods of trees. Out of nowhere, they hear the crying of wolves and scarcely have the opportunity to rush up into the trees before Wargs slide upon them. The Wargs are partners of the trolls, and they rapidly advise the trolls of the circumstance. The trolls start to show up and, chuckling at the company’s issue, light flames under the trees in which Gandalf, the dwarves, and Bilbo are stowing away. Gandalf plans to assault the trolls, wanting to execute the greatest number possible they slaughter him. Fortunately for the organization, the Lord of the Eagles has seen the uproar from his perch high in the mountains. With various different hawks, he plunges down, gets the explorers, and flies them to security. The birds are companions of Gandalf’s and adversaries of the trolls. They are glad to give food an+d rest to the exhausted voyagers, who at that point proceed on their excursion. Outline: Chapter 7 once more, Gandalf disillusions the organization by declaring that he should leave. He says, in any case, that he will remain around sufficiently long to assist them with discovering food and horses so they can advance all alone through Mirkwood (a major backwoods). He drives them to the place of Beorn. Beorn is a half-man, half-bear animal who has an extraordinary wooden house in the forested areas outside Mirkwood. He discloses to Beorn the tale of their experience in the mountain. Gandalf’s story interests Beorn so he offers the organization food and housing. He likewise suggests that the gathering should take the northern pass (the mythical being way) through Mirkwood, which will bring them close to the Lonely Mountain. Beorn over and again cautions his visitors never to wander from the way. He furnishes the gathering with food and horses to convey them to the door at the path’s start. From that point, notwithstanding, they should restore the horses and travel by walking. At the point when they arrive at the way, Gandalf additionally leaves, wishing his companions the best and reminding them never to wander from the pathâ€dark things hide in Mirkwood that even the wizard doesn't think about. On that note, the dwarves and the hobbit dive into the woods. Outline: Chapter 8 Darkness falls upon Bilbo and the dwarves as they enter the dreary timberland of Mirkwood. Abnormal eyes peer out at them from the trees. Before long, the gathering can't tell night from day. . Following a couple of days, they go to a stream that Beorn had cautioned them not to contact. They cross utilizing a vessel previously secured there, yet Bombur falls in and is placed into a rest that goes on for a considerable length of time. The remainder of the gathering is compelled to convey him. Eager, tired, and terrified, they start to surrender. One night, they see a gleam of lights in the trees and, overlooking the alerts of Beorn and Gandalf, they leave the way and push toward the lights. They see mythical beings sitting in a clearing around a fire, devouring and singing. In any case, the second they burst into the clearing, the lights are snuffed out, and the dwarves and Bilbo can barely discover each other. On the last event, everybody gets isolated, unfit to discover each other in the dimness. Before long, Bilbo quits hearing voices and, depleted, inclines toward a tree to rest. When Bilbo stirs, his legs are bound with clingy string and a tremendous arachnid is progressing toward him. With his blade he cuts his legs free and kills the insect. He at that point goes looking for the dwarves. Sadly, he discovers them all swinging from a tree, tied up in the snare of the numerous arachnids that sit on the branches. Bilbo whips a couple of stones at the arachnids and afterward drives them away from the dwarves by shouting. Presently Bilbo slips back and cuts the dwarves free. Be that as it may, the insects before long return, and the dwarves, feeble from the spiders’ poison, can scarcely ward them off, even with the guide of the imperceptible Bilbo. Exactly when the circumstance looks totally miserable, the creepy crawlies unexpectedly retreat, and the organization understands that they themselves have withdrawn into one of the clearings utilized by mythical people. After a second, they understand that Thorin is missing. Unbeknownst to the others, Thorin was taken prisoner by the mythical beings when he ventured into the clearing before the bug assault. The Elvenking questions Thorin about his excursion. When Thorin won't state where the organization is going, the mythical people toss him in the prison. Synopsis: Chapter 9 Soon after Bilbo and the remainder of the dwarves get away from the bugs, they are encircled by an organization of wood mythical beings and carried blindfolded to the Elvenking’s lobbies. Bilbo, as yet wearing his ring, stays undetected. The different dwarves are brought before the ruler and addressed. Like Thorin, they won't uncover their arrangement to recover the fortune from Smaug for dread that the mythical beings will request an offer. Additionally like Thorin, the dwarves are tossed into the prison. In the interim, Bilbo, having followed the caught dwarves, strolls undetectably through the lobbies, murmuring to the dwarves in their phones and plotting a break. The mythical beings trade merchandise with the men of Lake Town through barrels that are coasted on a stream that streams under the elves’ abiding. He takes the guardsman’s keys, liberates the dwarves, and places his arrangement without hesitation. Bilbo helps pack each smaller person into an unfilled barrel not long before the mythical beings return and push the barrels into the stream. The entryways open and the dwarves speed out along the waterway toward Lake Town. Outline: Chapter 10 The barrels stream down the waterway and out of Mirkwood backwoods. Looking toward the north, Bilbo sees the Lonely Mountain, the group’s extreme goal. For the present, be that as it may, the stream takes them toward Lake Town. There the barrels are brought to shore when vessels from the town column out and cast ropes toward the floaters, and keeping in mind that the men are away, Bilbo liberates his allies from the barrels. Thorin, loaded up with another feeling of direction, walks up to the town lobby and announces to the Master of Lake Town that he has come back to guarantee his legacy. The individuals of the town celebrate. They treat the dwarves and even Bilbo like lords. After a fortnight, the organization is solid and energetic once more. In spite of the fact that they despite everything have no clue about how to manage the winged serpent, Thorin feels that they can't stand by any more. He acquires vessels, ponies, and arrangements from the Master of Lake Town, and the organization sets off up the River running toward the Lonely Mountain.

Jeep Patriot Sports Car Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jeep Patriot Sports Car Advertisement - Essay Example Adverts utilize an apparatus of craftsmanship considered semiotics that includes the utilization of signs and images in passing on messages. This advert has various classifications of the message to the purchaser. These classifications comprise of both the words and pictures. There is an entire scope of subtitles in the advert that depict a signified message focused at the purchaser. Moreover, Michael’s spouse, shocks him, by proclaiming that she purchased a jeep in a discussion. The inscriptions and names, it turns out to be obvious to the purchaser that she purchased a jeep nationalist game vehicle. The word ‘jeep’ in the advert speaks to a suggested meaning. The term imparts a more profound importance to the purchaser since it has a long history of utilization in the market. Just by its notice in the advert, it passes on a specific message. A jeep is a vehicle that has a place with explicit classes of individuals in the general public in light of its highlights . The one of a kind component is the quarter-ton that characterizes a jeep. What's more, there is a meant message in the statement of the spouse that she purchased the jeep. It affirms to the crowd that she ‘could not keep down ‘. This adds sense to the influence toward the end encouraging the crowd not to ‘hold back’ from purchasing the jeep. Furthermore, the advert contains an emblematic message. The imagined development of the jeep loyalist vehicle means its capacity out and about and stresses on the estimation of the four-wheel drive framework. Also, the lady in the advert suggests that the vehicle is appropriate for the ladylike sex. She is an image for the appropriateness of the vehicle to ladies. This is a significant part of the advert in light of the fact that various vehicles suit male and female. There is an obvious sexual orientation inclination of some vehicle models and any advert should feature this reality. Also, the advert has exacting messa ge that the crowd can consider without any problem. A genuine couple enjoying a typical discussion gets the buyer’s consideration. The two are preparing to go out. The spouse raises that she purchased a jeep. This reality hypnotizes the spouse, as it is clear from his facial responses. The advert at that point includes a genuine picture of the ‘jeep loyalist sport car’. From this genuine picture, the highlights of the vehicle become obvious to the crowd. The vehicle looks minimal however being a jeep, has a monetary motor. The couple rides in the vehicle depicting its appropriateness as a family vehicle. The vehicle has one of a kind highlights for families that want to claim a vehicle with different abilities. This jeep has adequate space to oblige both the heads and legs. This offers adequate space for back travelers. Also, the vehicle has a high limit boot that gives a family adequate space to convey baggage. The family setting featured in the advert convinces families to consider the jeep nationalist as an ideal decision. Through a blend of the various messages, the advert furnishes the crowd with insights concerning the vehicle. Moreover, there is an indicated message that advises the crowd regarding the cost of the jeep. With a look, potential purchasers gain attention to the item cost. The advert uses diverse effective parts of visual workmanship to speak with the crowd. The advert targets families and accentuates on the reasonableness of the vehicle to ladies also. The idea of ware fetishism comes out obviously in the advert.â

Intro to College Savings - Lesson 5

How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved Intro to College Savings - Lesson 5 How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved Intro to College Savings - Lesson 5 How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved Intro to College Savings - Lesson 5 How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved How will my savings affect financial aid? Most college students today receive some type of financial aidï ¿ ½loans and/or grantsï ¿ ½to help pay for college. The federal government, state governments, and colleges themselves are the major sources of financial aid, although many employers and charitable organizations provide educational assistance as well. Much of the financial aid made available to your child is ï ¿ ½needs-based.ï ¿ ½ This means that he or she must demonstrate financial need through a process that begins with submitting an application listing the studentï ¿ ½sï ¿ ½and in most cases the parentsï ¿ ½ as wellï ¿ ½income and assets. All federal aid programs involve a form called the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Using the information submitted with the FAFSA, the federal government applies a rather complex formula to determine the studentï ¿ ½s Expected Family Contribution, or EFC. A student with a low EFC will generally be eligible for more need-based financial aid than a student with a high EFC. Remember, even if a student is not eligible for any need-based financial aid, he or she will still be able to receive federal Stafford loans, and the studentï ¿ ½s parents will likely be eligible for federal PLUS loans as well. Student assets and income Student-owned investments listed on the FAFSA will increase EFC by 20 percent of the value of those investments as of the day the FAFSA is filed. A studentï ¿ ½s income above a threshold amount will increase EFC by 50 percent of that income. Itï ¿ ½s easy to see how a stock or mutual fund owned directly by a student, or owned indirectly through a Uniform Transfers to Minors Act (UTMA) account, can have a severe negative impact on financial-aid eligibility. Not only will the value of the asset affect EFC by a significant percentage, but the sale of the investment to pay for college could trigger a capital gain that gets assessed at a 50 percent rate as part of the studentï ¿ ½s income. Parent assets and income Most undergraduate college students are categorized as ï ¿ ½dependent studentsï ¿ ½ and must report parent assets and income on the FAFSA. Just like student assets and income, parent assets and income are assessed in determining the studentï ¿ ½s EFC, except the percentages are lower, and they are based on a sliding scale that adjusts with income. Parent assets increase EFC by no more than 5.64 percent of the value of those assets on the day the FAFSA is filed. Parent income increases EFC by no more than 47 percent of that income. Assets and income are first reduced by several allowances built into the aid formula. Special treatment for 529 plans So as not to discourage families from saving for college with 529 plans, a special provision was added to the financial-aid law several years ago that categorizes a student-owned or UTMA-owned 529 plan as a parent asset. The rule also applies to Coverdell education savings accounts. Because of this exception, a 529 plan will never affect EFC by more than 5.64 percent of its value. It will behoove many students that have investments in their own name, or in UTMA accounts, to sell those investments and move the proceeds into a 529 plan before filing the FAFSA. However, watch out for any capital gains that may result in making the switch. Using a 529 plan to pay for college will not cause any increase in income reported on the FAFSAï ¿ ½another significant advantage over taxable investments! 529 plans may have zero impact on aid eligibility If a studentï ¿ ½s family is eligible to file its federal tax return on Form 1040EZ or Form 1040A, assets are not counted at all in determining the EFC. This is known as Simplified EFC. And even if the family cannot file Forms 1040EZ or 1040Aï ¿ ½most likely because their income is too highï ¿ ½the parentsï ¿ ½ assets, including 529 accounts, may be less than the asset allowance on the FAFSA. Only their income will be taken into account. What about grandparents? A student will never have to report assets owned by grandparents or other third parties on the FAFSA, even when those assets consist of 529 plans or other investments targeted to the studentï ¿ ½s college expenses. Thatï ¿ ½s the good news. The bad news is that 529 plans or other accounts actually spent on the studentï ¿ ½s behalf must be added to the studentï ¿ ½s income on the following yearï ¿ ½s FAFSA, which can result in a significant increase in EFC. Grandparents with 529 plans may wish to target that money towards the final year of college, after the last FAFSA has been filed. This way, their assistance has no impact on aid eligibility. Other financial-aid formulas The FAFSA does not necessarily determine financial-aid eligibility for state-funded aid programs, school-based scholarships, or other non-federal sources of aid. Although many schools do use the FAFSA for distributing their own funds, some will employ an alternative formula using another application called the CSS Profile. Before deciding which college to attend, you should ask the school about their own aid programs and how they treat 529 plans in determining eligibility. Mistakes families make The biggest mistake you can make is to spend your assets on home improvements, a new boat, or other items in an attempt to increase your childï ¿ ½s eligibility for need-based financial aid. Your income level alone may prevent your child from qualifying for this aid, and your spending now leaves you short of funds. Having the savings set aside in a 529 plan is much better. Not only is there likely to be little or no impact on aid eligibility, but having the funds set aside means that your child can attend the college that is right for him or her, and not necessarily the college that offers the best aid package. Congratulations! Youï ¿ ½ve completed the College Savings Bootcamp. Now itï ¿ ½s time to open your 529 plan and start making contributions. The earlier you start to save, the better. Be sure to come back to often and follow us on Facebook to get the latest news and information on planning for college. Previously sent: Lesson 1: How much to save Lesson 2: Compare your options Lesson 3: Shop for a plan Lesson 4: Get family and friends involved

St. John the Baptist in Paintings - 2642 Words

The Evolution of John the Baptist in Christianity John the Baptist is one of a few recognized prophets in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. John lived by the Jordan River in Perea as an Essene Jew, around the time of Jesus’ ministry. Many know John as a non-divine apocalyptic preacher who claimed baptism would help one get into heaven, and it would be disadvantageous to ignore baptism. John is relevant to understanding historical Jesus not only because he baptized Jesus but because of their conflicting similarities. John and Jesus were both apocalyptic preachers, in the Essene Jewish sub-group, and popular during antiquity. Many scholars actually believe John was more popular in antiquity. Because of his greater popularity, many†¦show more content†¦The first panel is of John’s execution and the second is John witnessing the birth of Christ with a lamb besides him. This painting is classified as a medieval painting because of the date it was painted; however, the painting contains symbolism ahead of its era. Scholar Kalan Curling Greenwood talks about this symbolism. He says the middle panel shows John acknowledges Jesus as being the Messiah by how he extends his right hand towards him (Greenwood 17). The second panel is John’s execution. Greenwood points out that John’s lifeless body claps his hands together symbolizing both his strict faith and martyrdom. Also, one can see God is watching down upon the scene. Despite being a medieval picture, Memling paints the baptism of Christ in the far background to represent the beginning of Jesus as a preacher (18). This use of the perception of depth allowed artist to include extra symbolism in their paintings and was famous in the Renaissance paintings. Renaissance Michelangelo’s Madonna and Child with Saint John and Angels (Figure 3) exemplifies Christian renaissance art. The painting goes further on a symbolic level. First, the painting does not just reconstruct a scene from the bible; it tells the urban legend of Jesus and John being cousins and growing up together. Next, the Michelangelo creates a livelier painting by portraying a hidden story through symbolism. Scholar Hutan Ashrafian dives into this hidden story by analyzing theShow MoreRelatedSt. John the Baptist Preaching by Mattia Preti1436 Words   |  6 Pagesculminated in the verisimilitude of Baroque paintings. One painting that reflects such change is Saint John the Baptist Preaching by Mattia Preti, also known as Il Calabrese. Preti was born in 1613 in Taverna, Calabria to a modest family with ecclesiastical connections. Preti was well traveled around Italy and was exposed to artworks from the likes of Correggio, Mantegna, and Raphael. As with other artists during the B aroque era, his oil painting of St. John the Baptist Preaching executed in 1665 has a distinctRead MoreThe Beauty Of Mona Lisa953 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mona Lisa was one of the famous painting in the world, personally I believe it still is. This artwork was created by Leonardo Da Vinci, who was an Italian artist. He not only dedicate art in his life but also science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, and many other areas. However, today this essay will only focus on the portrait he painted, Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa have many secrets, the date of this artwork is one of them. The time Leonardo worked on it remain mystery, but the â€Å"portraitRead MoreRenaissance Painting Restoration1186 Words   |  5 PagesVirgin, Child and St. John the Baptist (1480-65), by Jacopo del Sellaio (1440-93), and Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and Angel (1518-20), by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini or Puligo (1492-1527), are small (83-86 cm), oil-on-wood paintings by Florentine artists of the second rank, and were most probably commissioned by churches are decorative altarpieces. Their style, color, subject matter and composition are very technically competent but dull, repetitive, imitative and uninspiredRead MoreBirth of Sain John the Baptist Painting1044 Words   |  4 Pagesreligion and helped to see the potential of human. Still, just like the medieval paintings, most of the artworks in Renaissance overwhelmingly utilized and conveyed the religious theme with an extended adaptation of features outside of Christianity. Birth of St. John the Baptist is a work of anonymous artist from medieval Europe. Overall, this panting has yellow tone with deep and strong colors. Since the painting is from middle age, the placement of figures and building are not necessarily theRead MoreA Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesTwo Paintings from the Renaissance Period Introduction This paper will compare the themes found in the paintings Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and Madonna Enthroned by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian faith but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 Ââ€" 1520. Here, these two paintings haveRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Two Paintings from the Renaissance Period941 Words   |  4 PagesTwo Paintings from the Renaissance Period Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will compare the themes found in the paintings â€Å"Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and an Angel† by Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini (Puligo) and â€Å"Madonna Enthroned† by Giotto. Both paintings deal with fables from the Christian faith but were executed during different periods in art. The Giotto painting was created around 1310 and the Puglio painting was executed between 1518 – 1520. Here, these two paintings haveRead MoreArtistic Ways Of Murder David M. Stone1235 Words   |  5 Pageshim, and what it meant for Caravaggio to sign his name in The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist, in the blood of St. John the Baptist himself. Stone gave great insight into the world of Caravaggio’s life and what he could have been implying through the act of signing in blood. Stone stated that Caravaggio left his lucrative career as an altarpiece painter to provide praiseworthy service to the Order of St. John, in hopes of becoming an honorary knight in the Knights of Malta to escape persecutionRead MoreEssay about Salome and Cupid1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe paintings Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist, by Guido Reni and Cupid Chastised, by Bartolomeo Manfredi are both 17th century visual representations of a story. The story behind Salome is the interesting biblical story of the beheading of St. John the Baptist, as it’s title suggests. The story goes that Salome performed a dance for the king and his guests. Herod Antipas saw Salome’s dance and was so impressed, and drunk, that he promised to give her whatever she asked of him. AfterRead MoreGiuliano Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, Northern vs. Southern1355 Words   |  6 Pageshad various effects on art which can be broken down and seen from Southern (Italian) and Northern paintings. With the renaissance, came disinterest in dogma, and more of a focus on naturalism and humanism. However, the strong influence of religion never left either the Northern or Southern art works, due to the commission by the church. Giuliano Bugiardini’s, Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, 1510, is a pristine depiction of what Southern European art during the renaissance contained, elementRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci : An Artist965 Words   |  4 Pagesdepicted the anatomy of the human. Leonardo da Vinci created the painting known as Madonna of the Rocks, which is also widely known as Virgin of the Rocks. Da Vinci created two versions of this painting; 1483-1486 was when the first version was created. 1495-1508 was when da Vinci created the second version of Madonna of the Rocks. The first painting is currently located at the Louvre Museum in Paris, and the second painting is at the National Gallery Museum in London. The Louvre version of the

Smallpox And Vaccination Of Smallpox - 2238 Words

Imagine a quick spreading rash throughout the entire body, leaving not a single space behind; every opening and crevice in your body, including your mouth and eyes covered in painful bumps accompanied by high fever and severe body aches. Flat red spots transforming into fluid-filled lesions and soon oozing out yellow pus, evidently emitting a pungent odor to anyone who dared get close. The live virus present in the darkening crusty scabs that would soon fall off only to leave behind a deep pitted scarred filled complexion on anyone who was fortunate enough to survive. These scars would be forever remembered as the hallmark for the smallpox epidemic which tormented the world for over 3,000 years. (Riedel â€Å"Deadly Diseases†). The earliest case of smallpox according to a journal published in the US National Library of Medicine titled, â€Å"Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination† was recorded as early as 1122 BC. (Riedel â€Å"Smallpox the Origin of a Disease†). Mankind’s triumph over this horrible disease was initiated by an English doctor named Edward Jenner. Through observations and experimentation, Jenner would create a procedure now known as vaccination. (Riedel â€Å"Edward Jenner†). During the next two centuries, vaccinations would be used worldwide to stop the spread of small pox. After the successful worldwide vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization, small pox was eradicated worldwide in 1980. As a result of the eradication of smallpox accordingShow MoreRelatedVaccinations Of The Smallpox Vaccine1687 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations were first introduced in the late 18th century by Edward Jenner. He injected a small amount of cowpox in a thirteen year-old boy to demonstrate the effectiveness it had against smallpox, resulting in the development of the first smallpox vaccine in 1798. Because of his discovery, Jenner contributed to the overall annihilation of the disease in 1979 a fter the vaccine was implemented in different medicines throughout the world (source). Following Jenner, many others produced vaccines toRead MoreThe First Vaccination For Smallpox Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe first vaccination for smallpox was discovered in 1796 by Edward Jenner; since then there have been arguments over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and safety of all vaccinations. A vaccination is a killed or weakened organism that is used to create immunity that protects you from a particular disease without causing the suffering from the disease itself. Immunizations have saved more than a billon lives and protected civilians in the United States from life threatening diseases. During theRead MoreEssay on Vaccination and Eradication of Smallpox1604 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vaccination and Eradication of Smallpox Smallpox, a disease caused by the variola virus, has devastated humanity for many centuries. Because of its high mortality rate, civilizations around the world sought to protect themselves from this disease. Throughout the 1700s, these protective methods became more sophisticated, and led up to Edward Jenner’s vaccination method in 1796. Indeed, the World Health Organization, the Center for Disease Control and the Agency for International DevelopmentRead MoreVaccination Of Smallpox And The Elimination Of Various Infectious Diseases1464 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatest achievements of public health is that of vaccinations (Dubà © et al., 2013). Since the first vaccine was administered over 200 years ago, immunizations have saved millions of lives worldwide (Larson, Leask, Aggett, Sevdalis, Thomson, 2013). They have contributed to the decline in the morbidity and mortality of various infectious diseases and are credited with the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of poliomyelitis in the Americas (Dubà © et al., 2013). AccordingRead MoreEthical Issues That Arise In Jenner’s Vaccination Against Smallpox1116 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues That Arise In Jenner’s Vaccination Against Smallpox In Edward Jenner’s Vaccination Against Smallpox, the way Jenner experiments on the people in his village questions whether or not his actions were ethical. Jenner’s work on the people in his community addresses many health risks due to the smallpox disease, his work may have had both purpose and justification, but the way Jenner carried out his experiments were very dangerous and harmful to his community. Jenner put many people’sRead MoreSmallpox, Etiology Of The Disease And Nursing Considerations970 Words   |  4 Pages The advent of vaccinations has led to a declining incidence of many diseases and their associated high morbidity and mortality. Diseases that once threatened large populations are now controlled through the implementation of effective vaccination programs. Variola major or smallpox, is one of these diseases. Smallpox was once a major public health concern associated with a high mortality rate. Through a global vaccination effort, the diseas e is now considered irradiated. However, in the aftermathRead MoreWhy The Disease Has Been An Enemy Of A Human Ever Since It First?856 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of vaccination has been one of the most significant medical advancements in history because it has prevented the onset of deadly diseases, has eradicated previously malignant maladies, and has improved human life by removing fear of acquiring such contagious afflictions. The institution of vaccination began with smallpox. Smallpox had been a very eminent fatal disease throughout the world, an extremely serious disease from 10,000 BC. It was most likely that the smallpox started by theRead MoreEdward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesnew method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE] His invention of vaccination against smallpox was the medical breakthrough that saved the most lives, before antibiotics came into mass use. Before Jenners vaccine, smallpox was a killer disease; the majority of its victims were infants and young children. In the twentieth century alone it killed more than 300Read MoreEssay on Cause and Effects of Smallpox1520 Words   |  7 PagesCause and Effects of Smallpox Smallpox is caused by the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago. Smallpox is a specific, infectious, and highly contagious febrile disease known only to be transmitted by humans. It is caused by a virus from air currents which are eventually passed on from person to person. Smallpox varies from a mild form without skin manifestations to a highly fatal hemorrhagic form. Edward Jenner, an English physician, discovered a means of preventingRead MoreHistory and Causes of Smallpox Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Smallpox is a viral disease that causes pus-filled boils on the dermis. It looks similar to chickenpox, but has certain characteristic differences. Unlike chickenpox, smallpox is lethal in 30% of the cases and leaves the victim with disfiguring scars and/or blindness. Smallpox has now been eradicated through aggressive vaccination. The last case was reported in Somalia in the late 1970’s. After 2 years of worldwide surveillance, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that the

Authentication Is A Vital Aspect Of Modernâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Authentication Is A Vital Aspect Of Modern? Answer: Introducation Authentication is a vital aspect of the modern technological landscape as most of the digital platforms are facilitated by personalised accounts and portals. This outcome forces users to use multiple authentication systems that are supported by many passwords which make their management a difficult undertaking. As a solution, OneLogin offers a one stop shop for managing logins into applications (Apps) and online sites. Now, even before mentioning the attack at hand, as a cyber-security expert one can foresee the problems with this systems if compromised, as it gives intruders the access needed to compromise multiple user systems (OneLogin customer)(Coldewey, 2017). In all, the company suffered a breach in its security systems earlier in the year where customers data was exposed. Furthermore, the intruders proceeded to compromise the operational structure of the companys system which affected the ability to decrypt data. To understand, how the operation structure of the system was affected, one needs to understand the foundation of the service offered. OneLogin uses a cloud infrastructure to store and manage its customers vital information such as usernames and passwords. This infrastructure is necessary owing to the extent of the services offered as they span over 44 countries and have over 2000 companies. Therefore, the cloud solutions increase the availability and mobility of resources. However, to ferry the said resources over the internet they are encrypted to unreadable formats which when supplied to customers is decrypted revealing the access details. Therefore, when the decryption facility was affected, this functionality was compromised plus the data exposed(Fiveash, 2017). How and why the attacked occurred In its official statement, OneLogin failed to outline the nature of the attack, only assuring the customers that investigations to the problem would be conducted. However, the worrying outcome of the attack was the steps outlined by the company, as they tried to secure the accounts used by their customers. The steps included the generation of new API (Application Program Interface) keys and OAuth tokens (the general system for accessing the accounts). Moreover, the organization also requested the customers to create new security certificates and recycle all security features within the OneLogin accounts. Finally, the customers were then asked to update their access passwords(OneLogin). A quick glance at these security precautions outlines the how and maybe the why the attack happened. For one, the hosting system used by the company must have been completely compromised to gain primary access or admin credentials which necessitated a complete change in functionalities. How? An independent observer highlighted that the intruders accessed the companys system by gaining access to a number of AWS keys, the cloud infrastructure used by OneLogin. Amazon Web Service (AWS) is a cloud solution that is used by multiple companies across the globe to host their services, and OneLogin equivalently hosted its services across its multiple platforms. Now, having acquired the access passwords/keys, the intruder then used them to access the overall AWS APIs through a subsidiary hosting service offered by an intermediary organization within the United States. The criminal then further created several infrastructure instances within the AWS to perform a general reconnaissance. It is through this assessment that the intruder viewed and accessed the database tables holding the customers access data i.e. the username and passwords(OneLogin). Why? The intruders were only able to access the company AWS infrastructure using a set of legitimate keys used by the organization which means there was an initial breach that was used to acquire the companys access passwords. However, since the organization failed to disclose the methods used to access them, speculations were used to answer the questions. For one, cloud infrastructures and solutions are known to have many security procedures that regularly exposes them to misconfiguration instances. Therefore, OneLogin could have failed to implement certain security procedures to safeguard the root access to the AWS servers which ultimately gave the intruders primary access. The second option is that of negligence where the systems admins exposed the set of keys used to a third party member who subsequently used them to trigger the attack(Barrett, 2017). Possible solutions Single sign-on (SSO) organizations are generally discouraged as they are a single point of failure if compromised. In essence, these systems like any other cyber feature will have multiple vulnerabilities and unlike other systems will have multiple assets that heavily exposes the users. Therefore as an isolation tactic, they are never used as they grant intruders an all access point to any assets owned by a user. So, the first and most important solution to the problem at hand is to avoid the service in general, other than for supplementary features that have minimal confidential information(Kerbs, 2017). Nevertheless, when used, several solutions exist more so to the supporting organization i.e. OneLogin. The company should reassess their security policy as it gave access to a third party member. In the future, the AWS infrastructure should have multiple check points before being deployed online. These points or access procedures would verify the applications used before they are deployed. Furthermore, the same system would help account for access, a functionality that helped contain the problem in this instance. Therefore, the existing intrusion detection systems should continue to be used as it helped manage the situation and even avoided any financial damage. On behalf of the users, they should regularly update their access procedures as outlined by the host company. Furthermore, they should never store their passwords using the automatic features available in web browsers(10 basic cybersecurity measures: best prcatices to reduce exploitable weaknesses and attacks, 2017). May ransomware attack One of the most troubling and extensive attacks occurred earlier in the year where millions of cyber systems users were attacked by a vicious malware program known as WannaCry. As a malware program, WannaCry is the complete definition of a ransomware as it was able to penetrate many systems throughout different networks demanding ransoms in exchange for restoring services. Furthermore, the malware was a complete revolution of the existing programs that had been neutralised using several vulnerabilities that they held. In comparison, WannaCry was quick and invisible to security protocols which made it difficult to contain it, in fact, it was only detected after the damage was done(Greenberg, 2017). The root or problem WannaCry started its attacks in May, where it affected thousands of computers worldwide using the internet connection. According to Kerbs (2017), the attack was witnessed in over 100 countries after its access methods were unveiled in the United States. Now, the access method was done using a vulnerability in Windows computer system, an outcome that was instigated by a rogue hack group called Shadow Brokers that gained access to NSA hack tools. Therefore, using the hack tools the intruders infected multiple cyber systems in an attempt to gain some financial returns(Gibbs, 2017). Who was affected and how According to Greenberg (2017), the heaviest attack was witnessed across 150 countries where approximately 200,000 systems were compromised. These systems failed to work for hours and some of them lost their content permanently as they were reconfigured to stop the spread of the malware. Nevertheless, some countries were more affected as compared to others, the likes of United Kingdom (UK), Russia, Spain and China. In the UK for instance, the ransomware viciously infected the medical industry to an almost crippling effect as many systems were compromised. To the medical personnel, the attack halted their work as it demanded a ransom of $300. Similarly, the patients and other affiliated users of the NHS (National Health System, UK) had to live with extended delays as medical records went missing(Sherr, 2017). On the other hand, Russia had to deal with a worrying possibility of losing a grip on its public systems including the Health and Interior ministries. Furthermore, the countrys railway system was affected and so was the private sector after an extensive attack targeted the banking industry. The same outcome was also witnessed in Spain as the countrys telecommunication and electrical industry was affected by the attacks on Telefonica (Spains second largest telecommunication company) and Iberdrola (electrical company)(Hern Gibbs, 2017). The attack method and steps The National Security Agency (NSA) was the root of the problem as their access systems provided the foundation of the intrusion. This organization holds several hacking tools or techniques that they use as cyber-weapons, among these tools was the Windows vulnerability witnessed in this attack. In the attack, the EternalBlue vulnerability was used where it accessed Window messaging blocks, through the server messaging block protocol (SMB). In all the SMB protocol can serve as an all access item if compromised, an outcome that was verified by the WannaCry attack. As a protocol, SMB will enable machines connected in networks to access, read and write files which facilitate the different functionalities of computers. Moreover, the same protocol will enable the same machines to request services and even resources through the connected networks(News, 2017). Now, WannaCry banked on this vulnerability to attack machines as an access to one computer gave complete access to the connected networks, in fact, the attack process was aided by the same systems that facilitated the operations of the networks. Attack procedure: At the start, the intrusion first targeted unsecured networks as identified by unprotected access ports. Through these ports, the malwares starter (stager) was uploaded into a machine while being encrypted. In the next stage, the encrypted file was decrypted and the malware activated to perform its illicit operations. Furthermore, while conducting its activities, the malware also scanned for other unsecured ports where it sent the starter program to start the process all over again. Therefore, at the end of the attack, a complete and self-replicating program was used to infect thousands of machines without any form of human intervention(McGoogan, Titcomb, Krol, 2017). Solution A strong reminder of why machines and networks should have secured ports at all time with the unused ports being deactivated. In most cases, networks are infiltrated because of the negligence witnessed in setting them up. Therefore, even though the malware was stopped by its own vulnerabilities, its overwhelming success was propelled by networks problems because the users failed to implement the best security features. In some networks, the users had rogue access points through their mobile devices which facilitated the malwares success as these devices lacked the necessary security countermeasures(labs, 2016). However, while outlining the solutions that might have been used to avoid the attack, one cannot overlook the contribution of the vulnerability exploited by WannaCry (EternalBlue). Windows like any other modern organization prioritised on system deployment as compared to the security features, which was verified by them releasing an update patch. Furthermore, the users of the said systems should have had adequate security procedures to detect the faults in the messaging blocks before they were exploited. Therefore, these organization should restructure their security policies to have procedures that continuously evaluate their access protocols, the ultimate solution to the problem(labs, 2016). References 10 basic cybersecurity measures: best prcatices to reduce exploitable weaknesses and attacks. (2017). WaterISAC, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.mamsb.org.my/wp-content/uploads/10_Basic_Cybersecurity_MeasuresOct20162.pdf. Barrett, B. (2017). Security News This Week: OneLogin Had One Very Bad Breach. Wired, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.wired.com/2017/06/security-news-week-onelogin-one-bad-breach/. Coldewey, D. (2017). OneLogin admits recent breach is pretty dang serious. Tech crunch, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://techcrunch.com/2017/06/01/onelogin-admits-recent-breach-is-pretty-dang-serious/. Fiveash, K. (2017). OneLogin suffers breachcustomer data said to be exposed, decrypted. Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/06/onelogin-data-breach-compromised-decrypted/. Gibbs, S. (2017). WannaCry: hackers withdraw 108,000 of bitcoin ransom. The guardian, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/03/wannacry-hackers-withdraw-108000-pounds-bitcoin-ransom. Greenberg, A. (2017). The WannaCry Ransomware Hackers Made Some Real Amateur Mistakes. Wired, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.wired.com/2017/05/wannacry-ransomware-hackers-made-real-amateur-mistakes/. Hern, A., Gibbs, S. (2017). What is WannaCry ransomware and why is it attacking global computers? . The guardian, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/12/nhs-ransomware-cyber-attack-what-is-wanacrypt0r-20. Kerbs. (2017). OneLogin: Breach Exposed Ability to Decrypt Data. Kerbs on security, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://krebsonsecurity.com/2017/06/onelogin-breach-exposed-ability-to-decrypt-data/. labs, F. s. (2016). Ransomware: How to predict, prevent, detect and respond. F secure, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.f-secure.com/documents/996508/1030745/Ransomware_how_to_ppdr.pdf. McGoogan, C., Titcomb, J., Krol, C. (2017). What is WannaCry and how does ransomware work? The Telegraph, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/ransomware-does-work/. News, B. (2017). Massive ransomware infection hits computers in 99 countries. BBC News, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-39901382. OneLogin. (n.d.). May 31, 2017 Security Incident (UPDATED June 8, 2017). Onelogin block, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.onelogin.com/blog/may-31-2017-security-incident. Sherr, I. (2017). WannaCry ransomware: Everything you need to know. Cnet, Retrieved 28 August, 2017, from: https://www.cnet.com/news/wannacry-wannacrypt-uiwix-ransomware-everything-you-need-to-know/.